Excision of recurrent appendix testis torsion

Abstract Objectives Antimullerian hormone (AMH) causes regression of the mullerian ducts in the male fetus. The appendix testis (AT) is a vestigial remnant of mullerian duct origin, containing both androgen (AR) and estrogen (ER) receptors. The role of both AMH and AT in testicular descent is yet to be studied. We investigated the possible association of AMH with AT size, the AR and ER, and their expression in the AT, in congenital cryptorchidism. Methods A total of 26 patients with congenital unilateral cryptorchidism and 26 controls with orthotopic testes were investigated, and 21 ATs were identified in each group. AMH and insulin-like three hormone (INSL3) concentrations were measured with spectrophotometry. AR and ER receptor expression was assessed with immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibodies R441 for AR and MAB463 for ER. For the estimation of receptor expression, the Allred Score method was used. Results AMH concentrations did not present significant differences between patients with congenital cryptorchidism and the controls. Also, no correlation was found between AMH, INSL3, and AT length. Allred scores did not present significant differences. However, expression percentiles and intensity for both receptors presented significant differences. Three children with cryptorchidism and the highest AMH levels also had the highest estrogen receptor scores in the AT. Conclusions No association was found between AMH and the studied major parameters. However, higher AMH concentrations, in combination with higher estrogen receptor scores in the AT, may play a role in cryptorchidism in some children. Larger population samples are needed to verify this observation.

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TORSION OF THE APPENDIX TESTIS WITH OBSERVATIONS AS TO ITS ETIOLOGY

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.26.4.611 ◽

1960 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 611-615

Author(s):

Chris T. Oeconomopoulos ◽

John W. Chamberlain

Keyword(s):

Spermatic Cord ◽

Athletic Injury ◽

Inguinal Region ◽

Accepted Form ◽

Appendix Testis ◽

Rule Out

Observations based on 26 cases lead the authors to believe that torsion of the appendix testis is an athletic injury. The condition is often misdiagnosed, resulting in prolonged discomfort and sometimes recurrence of the condition. Surgery is the accepted form of treatment, because it provides prompt relief from the pain, prevents recurrence and, in some cases, is required to rule out torsion of the spermatic cord. The approach to the lesion should be through the inguinal region and not the scrotum.

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The protective effect of L-arginine, tadalafil, and their combination in rat testes after ischemia and reperfusion injury

Canadian Urological Association Journal ◽

10.5489/cuaj.3872 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 11 (1-2) ◽

pp. 19 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Gokhun Ozmerdiven ◽

Burhan Coskun ◽

Onur Kaygisiz ◽

Berna Aytac Vuruskan ◽

Burak Asiltas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Protective Effect ◽

Reperfusion Injury ◽

Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽

Ischemia Reperfusion ◽

Combination Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Ischemia And Reperfusion ◽

Contralateral Testis ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Testis Torsion

Introduction: Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in the ischemia and reperfusion process. In this study, we aimed to examine the effect of L-arginine, tadalafil, and their combination for preventionof the ischemia reperfusion injury after testis torsion in rats.Methods: A total of 40 adult, male Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated into five groups. Three hours of left testicular torsion was performed in each group, excluding the control group. While the ischemia reperfusion (I/R) group had no treatment, I/R + Arg group received L-arginine, I/R + Td group received tadalafil and I/R + Arg + Td group received tadalafil and L-arginine 30 minutes before the detorsion. Then the left testis was untwisted for four hours of reperfusion. After bilateral orchiectomy, lipid peroxidation (LPx) and glutathione (GSH) activities were examined in testicular tissue.Spermatogenesis was evaluated with Johnsen’s score.Results: LPx levels of the I/R group were found to be significantly higher than for groups that received drugs for both testes (p<0.001). GSH levels of the combination group were higher than I/R group inipsilateral testis (p<0.01) and it was significantly higher than other groups for contralateral testis (p<0.001 for I/R group, p<0.01 for I/R + Arg, p<0.05 for I/R + Td). Mean Johnsen’s score of the I/Rgroup was found to be significantly lower than treatment groups in ipsilateral testis (p<0.001 for I/R + Arg + Td group, p<0.01 for other treatment goups) and contralateral testis (p<0.001). The meanJohnsen score of the combination group was significantly higher than that of other treatment groups in ipsilateral testis (p<0.05) and it was significantly higher than in the I/R + Td group in the contralateral testis (p<0.05).Conclusions: L-arginine, tadalafil, and combination of these two molecules showed protective effect against ischemia/reperfusion injury for both testes after unilateral testis torsion.

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Torsion of the Appendix Testis

Clinical Pediatrics ◽

10.1177/000992287601501018 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 15 (10) ◽

pp. 949-950 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

P. Puri ◽

Edna Boyd

Keyword(s):

Appendix Testis

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Impact of NiO2 Nanoparticles and Curcumin on Testis Torsion/Detorsion Injury: Role of miR-34 and circRNA 0001518

Galen Medical Journal ◽

10.31661/gmj.v10i0.2342 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

pp. e2342

Author(s):

Shabnam Zarei Moradi ◽

Seyed Abdolhamid Angaji ◽

Mitra Salehi ◽

Mehrdad Hashemi

Keyword(s):

Ischemia Reperfusion ◽

Regulatory Elements ◽

Sperm Parameters ◽

Therapeutic Effects ◽

Gene Expressions ◽

Apoptotic Pathway ◽

Expression Ratio ◽

Testis Torsion ◽

Cellular Apoptosis ◽

Testicular Ischemia

Background: Testicular torsion is one cause of infertility without proper treatment. In this study, we investigate the effects of NiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) and curcumin on sperm parameters in rats and the expressions of genes involved in the apoptotic pathway, as well as expressions of miR-34 and circRNA 0001518. Materials and Methods: Forty-eight rats were randomly divided into eight groups: control (healthy rats), control rats that received NiO2-NPs, healthy rats that received curcumin, rats that received simultaneous NiO2-NPs and curcumin, untreated testicular ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) rats, testicular I/R rats that received NiO2-NPs, testicular I/R rats that received curcumin, and testicular I/R rats that received NiO2-NPs and curcumin. Then, sperms were extracted from the rats’ epididymides to analyze concentration, viability, morphology, and motility. The cellular apoptosis level was studied using flow cytometry. Also, Bad and Bcl-X gene expressions, as well as miR-34 and circRNA 0001518 levels were measured. Results: We observed improved sperm parameters in the testicular I/R) rats that received curcumin and NiO2-NPs. Administration of NiO2-NPs to healthy rats increased both apoptosis and the Bad/Bcl-X expression ratio. However, its administration to testicular I/R rats alone or in combination with curcumin decreased apoptosis and the Bad/Bcl-X expression ratio and increased expressions of miR-34 and circRNA 0001518. Conclusion: Administration of NiO2-NPs and curcumin, alone or in combination, can have therapeutic effects in testicular I/R conditions by altering the expressions of genes in the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and their regulatory elements.

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Diagnosis and Management of Testicular Torsion, Torsion of the Appendix Testis, and Epididymitis

Clinical Pediatric Emergency Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.cpem.2009.01.010 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 38-44 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Shan Yin ◽

Jennifer L. Trainor

Keyword(s):

Testicular Torsion ◽

Diagnosis And Management ◽

Appendix Testis

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Torsion of the appendix testis. Report of 13 cases

JAMA ◽

10.1001/jama.202.9.906 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 202 (9) ◽

pp. 906-907

Author(s):

H. B. Simon

Keyword(s):

Appendix Testis

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XXXVII.—Mendelian Action on Differentiated Sex

Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh ◽

10.1017/s0370164600009147 ◽

1909 ◽

Vol 29 ◽

pp. 607-618

Author(s):

D. Berry Hart

Keyword(s):

Fallopian Tube ◽

Genital Tract ◽

Female Genital Tract ◽

Definite Form ◽

Human Male ◽

Prostatic Utricle ◽

Opposite Sex ◽

Vaginal Tract ◽

Appendix Testis ◽

Female Genital

(Abstract)It has long been known that the male and the female human genital tract contain not only organs characteristic of their sex proper, but also certain parts of the opposite sex in a less developed but yet perfectly definite form. Thus the female genital tract is made up of, not only its characteristic organs, the ovaries, tubes, uterus, etc., but also the epoophoron (parovarium) and its duct, the equivalent of the epididymis and ductus epididymis of the testis. In the same way, the human male has his characteristic sexual organs and also the appendix testis and prostatic utricle, the representatives of the fimbriated end of the Fallopian tube and of the lower end of the vaginal tract (hymen mainly, but varying).

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