scholarly journals Influence of particle size and organic carbon content on distribution and fate of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon fractions in chalks

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 227-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingtao Cao ◽  
Tracey Temple ◽  
Xingang Li ◽  
Frédéric Coulon ◽  
Hong Sui
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Organic Carbon Content

Sources of organic matter in first flush runoff from urban roadways

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (7) ◽  
pp. 1234-1242 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Wada ◽  
N. Takei ◽  
T. Sato ◽  
H. Tsuno
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Road Dust ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Water Mixture ◽  
First Flush ◽  
The Road ◽  
Organic Carbon Concentration

This study aims to explore the influential sources of organic matter in first flush runoff from urban roadways by comparing organic carbon content and particle size distribution in road dust with those from discharge from vehicles during rainfall. Samples on first flush runoff and road dust were collected from urban roadways. In addition, vehicle drainage was assumed to flow from vehicles during rainfall events, so vehicle wash-off water was collected by spraying water onto the top and from the underside of vehicles to simulate accumulation during a vehicle run. In road dust, the organic carbon content in the <0.2 mm fraction was about twice that of the 0.2–2 mm fraction. The particle size distributions of both first flush runoff and vehicle wash-off water were similar, and particles <0.2 mm contributed to over 95% of the total volume. The dissolved organic carbon concentration in the vehicle wash-off water was considerably higher than that in the road dust/water mixture. The total organic carbon content in road dust was positively correlated with annual daily traffic. Therefore, vehicles were thought to strongly influence the nature of road dust.

scholarly journals Investigations into Soil Composition and Texture Using Infrared Spectroscopy (2–14 μm)

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert D. Hewson ◽  
Thomas J. Cudahy ◽  
Malcolm Jones ◽  
Matilda Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Spectral Index ◽  
Clay Mineral ◽  
Thermal Infrared ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Spectral Indices

The ability of thermal and shortwave infrared spectroscopy to characterise composition and texture was evaluated using both particle size separated soil samples and natural soils. Particle size analysis and separation into clay, silt, and sand-sized soil fractions was undertaken to examine possible relationships between quartz and clay mineral spectral signatures and soil texture. Spectral indices, based on thermal infrared specular and volume scattering features, were found to discriminate clay mineral-rich soil from mostly coarser quartz-rich sandy soil and to a lesser extent from the silty quartz-rich soil. Further investigations were undertaken using spectra and information on 51 USDA and other soils within the ASTER spectral library to test the application of shortwave, mid- and thermal infrared spectral indices for the derivation of clay mineral, quartz, and organic carbon content. A nonlinear correlation between quartz content and a TIR spectral index based on the 8.62 μm was observed. Preliminary efforts at deriving a spectral index for the soil organic carbon content, based on 3.4–3.5 μm fundamental H–C stretching vibration bands, were also undertaken with limited results.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Soil Aggregates and Its Organic Carbon in Daxing'anling Forest Region

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Wang ◽  
Zhiqi Gong ◽  
Qiuliang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Soil Aggregate ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Spatial Difference ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Aggregate Content ◽  
Forest Region

Abstract The distribution and spatial variability of soil aggregates and their organic carbon and their responses to environmental factors in Daxing'anling forest region were studied by field investigation and laboratory analysis. In Daxing'anling forest region, 75 sampling points were set up based on kilometer grid, and the sample circle with radius of 17.85m was set at each sampling point. In each circle, three samples of 0-20 cm topsoil were taken to determine soil chemical indexes, soil aggregates and their organic carbon content. The results showed that: (1) the soil aggregate content followed the order as (0.25~2 mm aggregate) > (<0.053 mm aggregate) > (0.053~0.25 mm aggregate). The spatial autocorrelation of each fraction of aggregate were moderate, and they were affected by the structural factors such as climate, vegetation, soil and random factors such as human activities. The content of 0.25~2 mm and <0.053 mm aggregates decreased gradually from north to south, while the content of 0.053~0.25 mm aggregates was opposite to them. (2) The organic carbon content of soil aggregates was mainly concentrated in the 0.25~2 mm large aggregates (19.84 g/kg) with the contribution rate 50.39%; the organic carbon contents of each fraction of aggregate showed high spatial autocorrelation which was mainly affected by structural factors; the spatial difference of soil aggregate content in each particle size was not significant, and the distribution was patchy. There was no significant spatial difference in the organic carbon contents of soil aggregate in different fractions with patch distribution characteristics. (3) Temperature had no significant effect on the formation and stability of soil aggregates, and precipitation is beneficial to the formation of micro-aggregates <0.053 mm; soil organic carbon was conducive to the cementation of small-sized aggregates into large aggregates, which had a positive effect on the stability of soil aggregates. There was a significant positive correlation between SOC and organic carbon of soil aggregates in different fractions, and the correlation degree was gradually weakened with the decrease of particle size; the contents of soil nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrients could promote the organic carbon accumulation in soil aggregates. The results can provide the basis for the soil rational use and the carbon fixation capacity improvement of forest in Daxing'anling forest region.

scholarly journals Comparison of analytical methods in testing soil fertility

1985 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-194
Author(s):  
Raina Niskanen ◽  
Antti Jaakkola
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Exchangeable Ca ◽  
Bray 1

Analytical methods for testing soil fertility were compared in a material of 430 topsoil samples. The samples were analyzed for particle-size distribution, organic carbon content, pH(CaCl2), exchangeable Ca and Mg extracted with 1 M ammonium acetate (pH 7) and 1 M KCI, exchangeable K extracted with 1 M ammonium acetate (pH 7) and P extracted by the Bray 1 method. These soil properties were compared with the soil textural class and humus content class estimated visually, pH (H2O) and Ca, Mg, K and P extracted with acid ammonium acetate. The estimation of soil textural class was quite successful, but the content of organic matter was frequently underestimated. pH (H2O) and pH(CaCl2) were highly correlated and 95 % of the variation in pH (H2O) was explained by pH(CaCl2). Exchangeable Ca together with pH(CaCl2) explained about 90 % of the variation in Ca extracted with acid ammonium acetate. Exchangeable Mg explained about 70 % of the variation in Mg extracted with acid ammonium acetate. Exchangeable K explained 90 % of the variation in K extracted with acid ammonium acetate. The Bray 1 P and pH(CaCl2) explained 60 % of the variation in P extracted with acid ammonium acetate. pH(CaCl2), clay and organic carbon content explained 72—83 % of the variation in Ca. Mg, K and P were not highly dependent on pH, particle-size distribution and organic carbon content of soil.

scholarly journals Geochemistry of Street Dust in Tyumen, Russia: Influence of Traffic Load

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitriy Moskovchenko ◽  
Roman Pozhitkov ◽  
Dzhamilya Ukarkhanova
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Road Dust ◽  
Traffic Load ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Organic Carbon Content

Abstract The article presents the results of studying the composition of road dust in Tyumen, a large city in Western Siberia. On roads with different traffic intensities, 50 dust samples were taken, in which the particle size distribution, pH, and organic carbon content were determined. The content of 62 major and trace elements was studied using atomic emission spectrometry (AES-MS) и inductively coupled plasma spectrometry (ICP-MS). It was revealed that the dust has an alkaline reaction pH = 7.4 - 10.2, low organic carbon content (0.07 - 2.9%). The particle size distribution is dominated by particles PM = 100-250. The content of small particles (PM <2 and PM2-10) representing the greatest environmental hazard is minimal on roads with an average traffic intensity. Studies have shown that the main road dust pollutants in Tyumen are Ni, Sb, Cr, Zn, Co. The average geoaccumulation index (Igeo) values ​​are ranked as Ni (2.2) > Sb (1.5) > Cr (1.3) > Zn (0.4) > Co (0.4) > Cu (0.2). The contamination evaluation through enrichment factor (EF) calculation showed that road dust is highly enriched in Ni and significantly in Cr and Sb. More than 80% of Zn, Co, Cu and more than 90% of Ni, Sb, Cr come from anthropogenic sources. By the content of Ni and Cr, Tyumen surpasses all cities of the Earth where similar studies were carried out. The high Ni content is associated with the composition of local soils and roadways, increased content in vehicle exhaust gases, and abrasion of metal parts. Calculations of the total pollution indices (IPI and Zc) showed that the level of road dust pollution in most of Tyumen's territory is average, moderately hazardous.

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