scholarly journals 33. SHARED GENETIC DETERMINANTS BETWEEN THE BRAIN FUNCTIONAL CONNECTOME AND PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. e58
Author(s):  
Daniel Roelfs ◽  
Dennis van der Meer ◽  
Dag Alnæs ◽  
Oleksandr Frei ◽  
Robert Loughnan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Genetic Determinants ◽  
Functional Connectome ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Shared Genetic

scholarly journals POLYGENIC ARCHITECTURE OF THE BRAIN FUNCTIONAL CONNECTOME AND OVERLAP WITH PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. e12
Author(s):  
Daniel Roelfs ◽  
Dennis van der Meer ◽  
Dag Alnæs ◽  
Oleksandr Frei ◽  
Ole Andreassen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Functional Connectome ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Genetic overlap between multivariate measures of human functional brain connectivity and psychiatric disorders

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Roelfs ◽  
Dennis van der Meer ◽  
Dag Alnæs ◽  
Oleksandr Frei ◽  
Robert Loughnan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Genetic Determinants ◽  
Functional Brain ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Genetic Overlap ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Shared Genetic

Psychiatric disorders are complex, heritable, and highly polygenic. Supported by findings of abnormalities in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) based measures of brain connectivity, current theoretical and empirical accounts have conceptualized them as disorders of brain connectivity and dysfunctional integration of brain signaling, however, the extent to which these findings reflect common genetic factors remains unclear. Here, we performed a multivariate genome-wide association analysis of fMRI-based functional brain connectivity in a sample of 30,701 individuals from the UK Biobank and investigated the shared genetic determinants with seven major psychiatric disorders. The analysis revealed significant genetic overlap between functional brain connectivity and schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, anxiety, and major depression, adding further genetic support for the dysconnectivity hypothesis of psychiatric disorders and identifying potential genetic and functional targets for future studies.

Shared genetic architecture across psychiatric disorders

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Andrew D. Grotzinger
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Symptom Level ◽  
Genetic Level ◽  
Genetic Signal ◽  
Family Based ◽  
Shared Genetic

Abstract Psychiatric disorders overlap substantially at the genetic level, with family-based methods long pointing toward transdiagnostic risk pathways. Psychiatric genomics has progressed rapidly in the last decade, shedding light on the biological makeup of cross-disorder risk at multiple levels of analysis. Over a hundred genetic variants have been identified that affect multiple disorders, with many more to be uncovered as sample sizes continue to grow. Cross-disorder mechanistic studies build on these findings to cluster transdiagnostic variants into meaningful categories, including in what tissues or when in development these variants are expressed. At the upper-most level, methods have been developed to estimate the overall shared genetic signal across pairs of traits (i.e. single-nucleotide polymorphism-based genetic correlations) and subsequently model these relationships to identify overarching, genomic risk factors. These factors can subsequently be associated with external traits (e.g. functional imaging phenotypes) to begin to understand the makeup of these transdiagnostic risk factors. As psychiatric genomic efforts continue to expand, we can begin to gain even greater insight by including more fine-grained phenotypes (i.e. symptom-level data) and explicitly considering the environment. The culmination of these efforts will help to inform bottom-up revisions of our current nosology.

scholarly journals Development of the brain functional connectome follows puberty-dependent nonlinear trajectories

NeuroImage ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 229 ◽  
pp. 117769
Author(s):  
Zeus Gracia-Tabuenca ◽  
Martha Beatriz Moreno ◽  
Fernando A. Barrios ◽  
Sarael Alcauter
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectome ◽  
The Brain

Individual Uniqueness in the Neonatal Functional Connectome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiushi Wang ◽  
Yuehua Xu ◽  
Tengda Zhao ◽  
Zhilei Xu ◽  
Yong He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Individual Identification ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Functional Connectome ◽  
Middle Range ◽  
Human Connectome Project ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Identification Analysis ◽  
The Brain

Abstract The functional connectome is highly distinctive in adults and adolescents, underlying individual differences in cognition and behavior. However, it remains unknown whether the individual uniqueness of the functional connectome is present in neonates, who are far from mature. Here, we utilized the multiband resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data of 40 healthy neonates from the Developing Human Connectome Project and a split-half analysis approach to characterize the uniqueness of the functional connectome in the neonatal brain. Through functional connectome-based individual identification analysis, we found that all the neonates were correctly identified, with the most discriminative regions predominantly confined to the higher-order cortices (e.g., prefrontal and parietal regions). The connectivities with the highest contributions to individual uniqueness were primarily located between different functional systems, and the short- (0–30 mm) and middle-range (30–60 mm) connectivities were more distinctive than the long-range (>60 mm) connectivities. Interestingly, we found that functional data with a scanning length longer than 3.5 min were able to capture the individual uniqueness in the functional connectome. Our results highlight that individual uniqueness is present in the functional connectome of neonates and provide insights into the brain mechanisms underlying individual differences in cognition and behavior later in life.

Event-Related Potentials in Psychiatry: Approaches to Research and Clinical Applications

1983 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. Stampfer
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Direct Access ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Clinical Methods ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
The Brain

This article suggests that the potential usefulness of event-related potentials in psychiatry has not been fully explored because of the limitations of various approaches to research adopted to date, and because the field is still undergoing rapid development. Newer approaches to data acquisition and methods of analysis, combined with closer co-operation between medical and physical scientists, will help to establish the practical application of these signals in psychiatric disorders and assist our understanding of psychophysiological information processing in the brain. Finally, it is suggested that psychiatrists should seek to understand these techniques and the data they generate, since they provide more direct access to measures of complex cerebral processes than current clinical methods.

Inflammation and Pruning May Inform Risk to Psychiatric Disorders. Lessons From Large Genetic Data

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S56-S56
Author(s):  
C. Crisafulli
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Molecular Mechanics ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Molecular Pathway ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Single Effect ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
The Brain ◽  
New Hypothesis

BackgroundIt's known that psychiatric disorders are caused to either environmental and genetics factors. Through the years several hypotheses were tested and many genes were screened for association, resulting in a huge amount of data available for the scientific community. Despite that, the molecular mechanics behind psychiatric disorders remains largely unknown. Traditional association studies may be not enough to pinpoint the molecular underpinnings of psychiatric disorder. We tried to applying a methodology that investigates molecular-pathway-analysis that takes into account several genes per time, clustered in consistent molecular groups and may successfully capture the signal of a number of genetic variations with a small single effect on the disease. This approach might reveal more of the molecular basis of psychiatric disorders.Methodsi)We collected data on studies available in literature for the studied disorder (e.g. Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder);ii)We extracted a pool of genes that are likely involved with the disease;iii)We used these genes as starting point to map molecular cascades function-linked. The molecular cascades are then analyzed and pathways and sub-pathways, possibly involved with them, are identified and tested for association.Results/discussionWe obtained interesting results. In particular, signals of enrichment (association) were obtained multiple times on the molecular pathway associated with the pruning activity and inflammation. Molecular mechanics related to neuronal pruning were focused as a major and new hypothesis for the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders and the role of inflammatory events has been extensively investigated in psychiatry. intersting, inflammatory mechanics in the brain may also play a role in neuronal pruning during the early development of CNS.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Stability of the Brain Functional Connectome Fingerprint in Individuals With Schizophrenia

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (7) ◽  
pp. 749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Kaufmann ◽  
Dag Alnæs ◽  
Christine L. Brandt ◽  
Francesco Bettella ◽  
Srdjan Djurovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectome ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Reelin deficiency contributes to long-term behavioral abnormalities induced by chronic adolescent exposure to Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol in mice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Attilio Iemolo ◽  
Aisha Nur ◽  
Patricia Montilla-Perez ◽  
Victoria B Risbrough ◽  
Francesca Telese
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
Lateral Septum ◽  
Early Gene ◽  
Novelty Seeking ◽  
Behavioral Abnormalities ◽  
Specific Manner ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Adolescent Exposure

AbstractHeavy and frequent use of cannabis during adolescence increases the risk of developing psychiatric disorders. However, the neurobiological mechanisms underlying this vulnerability remain largely unknown. Here, we explore whether adolescent vulnerability to long-term behavioral effects of cannabis is modulated by Reelin, a gene implicated in the development of the brain and of psychiatric disorders. To this aim, heterozygous Reeler (HR) mice, that express reduced level of Reelin, were chronically exposed during adolescence to high doses (10mg/kg) of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), a major psychoactive component of cannabis. Mice were tested in early adulthood with multiple behavioral assays, including working memory, social interaction, locomotor activity, anxiety-like responses, stress reactivity, and pre-pulse inhibition. Compared to wild-type (WT), HR mice treated with THC showed impaired social behaviors, elevated disinhibitory phenotypes and increased responsiveness to aversive situations, in a sex-specific manner. Independent of THC exposure, HR mice also spent more time exploring unfamiliar objects, indicating that Reelin modulates novelty seeking behavior. To identify the neuronal ensemble underlying this elevated novelty seeking in HR mice, we mapped the regional brain expression of the immediate early gene, Fos, in mice exposed to novel objects. HR mice exhibited reduced neuronal activation in the lateral septum, a subcortical brain structure implicated in emotions, cognition and reward processes. Overall, these findings show that (1) Reelin deficiency influences behavioral abnormalities caused by heavy consumption of THC during adolescence, and (2) that Reelin plays a role in the neurobiological mechanisms underlying disinhibitory behaviors, such as novelty seeking.Significant StatementThe link between cannabis abuse and the development psychiatric disorders, especially in adolescents, makes understanding the neurobiological mechanisms underlying cannabis effects on the brain a significant biomedical problem. Reelin is a key signaling molecule in the development of the adolescent brain and of psychiatric disorders, but its role in modulating the behavioral changes induced by cannabis remain unknown. Here, we report an interaction between Reelin deficiency and chronic adolescent exposure to THC, a major psychoactive component of cannabis. This interaction led to cognitive deficits, disinhibitory behaviors and altered emotional reactivity in mice, in a sex-specific manner. These experiments are the first to establish a link between Reelin signaling and the endocannabinoid system targeted by THC.

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