Adenylate-cyclase Activity in Obsessive-compulsive Patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S641-S642
Author(s):  
D. Marazziti ◽  
S. Baroni ◽  
F. Mucci ◽  
L. Palego ◽  
A. Piccinni
Keyword(s):  
Adenylate Cyclase ◽  
Second Messengers ◽  
Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Biological Assays ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionA possible role of second messengers, such as cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signalling, in the development of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has been recently postulated.AimsThe aim of the present study was to explore and to compare the adenylate cyclase (AC) activity in both basal conditions and after the stimulation by isoprenaline (ISO) in platelets of OCD patients and healthy control subjects. The AC activity was measured both in the absence and in the presence of α- and β- adrenoreceptor antagonists.Materials and methodsForty patients were included in the study and compared with healthy volunteers. Biological assays were carried out with a method developed by us.ResultsThe basal AC activity was similar in both groups. The addition of 10 μM ISO enhanced significantly (P < .05) platelet basal AC in both groups. A stimulatory response following ISO in all subjects even without α-antagonists was also observed.DiscussionNo difference in the basal AC activity in platelet membranes of healthy subjects and OCD patients was found. Our findings showed that there is an inhibitory component of ISO effect on platelet AC, due to the agonist interaction with α2 receptors, at its higher concentrations (>1 μM), as well as a condition of supersensitive β-receptors. Our study suggests the presence of cathecolamine system disturbances in OCD.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

P.1.c.030 Second messengers in obsessive-compulsive disorder: role of adenylate-cyclase

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. S251-S252
Author(s):  
D. Marazziti ◽  
S. Baroni ◽  
G. Consoli ◽  
M. Catena Dell'Osso ◽  
G. Giannaccini
Keyword(s):  
Adenylate Cyclase ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Second Messengers ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

scholarly journals Cytochemical methods for the localization of adenylate cyclase. A review and evaluation of the efficacy of the procedures.

1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
L S Cutler
Keyword(s):  
Adenylate Cyclase ◽  
Cyclic Nucleotides ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Enzyme System ◽  
Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Cytochemical Localization ◽  
Biochemical Evaluation

The cytochemical procedures for localizing adenylate cyclase have been a source of controversy since their introduction. The importance of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP), the product of adenylate cyclase's action on adenosine triphosphate (ATP), in cell biology is clear. Thus, the ability to localize this enzyme system reliably is an important tool in the study of various cellular functions. This report reviews the literature and presents a biochemical evaluation of the methods for localizing adenylate cyclase. The review and data presented serve to clarify many of the controversies surrounding this important cytochemical procedure. It is evident that although there are problems associated with localizing the enzyme, several valid procedures are currently available for the cytochemical localization of adenylate cyclase. In using these procedures, the effects of fixation and the capture agent on adenylate cyclase activity in the particular tissue being studied should be considered. Only repurified adenylyl imidodiphosphate [App(NH)p] should be used in the incubation medium. If care is taken, the use of these techniques can be of great value in the continued study of the role of cyclic nucleotides in cell biology.

Exploring the Role of Dissociation Dimensions in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S496-S496
Author(s):  
A. Pozza ◽  
N. Giaquinta ◽  
D. Dèttore
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Dissociative Experiences ◽  
Dissociative Amnesia ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionIn the last decade, accumulating evidence has been produced on the role of dissociation in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD). Understanding which dissociation dimensions are specific to OCD could suggest the integration of therapeutic strategies for dissociation in the treatment of patients with OCD.ObjectivesThe current study explored the role of dissociation in a sample of patients with OCD, patients with anxiety disorders and healthy controls with the aim to understand which dissociation dimensions could be specific to OCD.MethodOne hundred seventy-one participants were included in the study (56% females, mean age = 35.96, SD = 12.61), of which 52 were patients with primary OCD, 59 were patients with Anxiety Disorders (AD), and 60 were healthy controls. The Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) were administered.ResultsPatients with OCD had significantly higher dissociative amnesia symptoms than patients with AD and health controls (F = 6.08, P < 0.01) and higher depersonalization/derealization symptoms than healthy controls but not than patients with AD. Patients with OCD did not report significantly higher dissociative absorption than healthy controls and patients with AD.ConclusionsStrategies targeting dissociative amnesia and depersonalization/derealization symptoms in OCD are discussed. Future studies should examine which OCD subtypes are more strongly associated to dissociation dimensions.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

From hero to zero: The manifestation of addictive problematic sexual behaviour

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S592-S592
Author(s):  
R. Vella Baldacchino ◽  
J. Vella Baldacchino
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behaviour ◽  
Sex Addiction ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Psychiatric Comorbidities ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Sexual Behaviours ◽  
Literature Reviews ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionAddiction refers to a pattern of:– loss of control, as shown by unsuccessful efforts to stop the behaviour;– continuation of the behaviour despite adverse consequences – such as marriage breakdown;– an obsession with obtaining, using or recovering from the behaviour.To date, DSM-5 does not recognize sex addiction as a disorder, however when problematic sexual behaviours fulfil these same three criteria, the process is considered to be an addiction.This case report describes the development of problematic addictive sexual behaviour, possibly as a result of other psychiatric comorbidities including obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), alvinophilia, and obsessional fetishism. The presence of the Madonna-Puttana syndrome is also explored.AimsTo use the biopsychosocial model to investigate the aetiology of addictive problematic sexual behaviour. To explore the role of psychiatric comorbidities in the expression of such behaviour. To examine the holistic impact of sexual addictions. To examine the treatment modalities of addictive problematic sexual behaviour.MethodsA 25 year old happily-married nurse who confessed to serial extramarital affairs was interviewed. Underlying psychiatric comorbidities were identified. Family members were also interviewed for a collateral history. The above objectives were explored and the response to various treatment modalities were evaluated. Literature reviews were carried out.ConclusionsThis case illustrates a form of OCD which manifested as addictive problematic sexual behaviour. The message portrayed is that hope exists for such couples once various treatment modalities are put into action.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

THE ROLE OF ADENYLATE-CYCLASE ACTIVITY IN PLATELETS OF PATIENTS WITH OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 769-770
Author(s):  
Donatella Marazziti ◽  
Stefano Baroni ◽  
Federico Mucci ◽  
Lionella Palego ◽  
Armando Piccinni
Keyword(s):  
Adenylate Cyclase ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Cyclase Activity ◽  
Adenylate Cyclase Activity ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

scholarly journals What pharmacology teaches us about the pathophysiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder

2000 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 185-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donatella Marazziti ◽  
Elena Di Nasso
Keyword(s):  
Second Messengers ◽  
Receptor Subtypes ◽  
Specific Response ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Conditions ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorders ◽  
Compulsive Disorders

Once considered rare and resistant to treatments, obsessive-compulsive disorders (OCD) has now emerged as one the most common psychiatric conditions, with a lifetime prevalence of about 2.5 %, and as a major cause of long-term disability to patients and their families. The treatment of OCD has changed dramatically over the last decade following the introduction of selective serotonin (5-HT) reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), such as fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, paroxetine, sertraline, citalopram, which provide symptom remission in about 60% of the patients. OCD is unique in the response to serotonergic agents and it has been clearly demonstrated that non-serotonergic antidepressants such as desipramine have no effect. The specific response of OCD patients to SSRIs has emphasized the possible role of the main target of these drugs, namely the 5-HT system, in the pathophysiology of the disorder. If the role of 5-HT in OCD is not questionable, future studies should be directed towards the elucidation of the 5-HT receptor subtypes involved, of the second messengers transducing the signal, as well as of the interactions between 5-HT and the other neurotransmitters.

Is Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Caused by a Second-Messenger Imbalance?

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donatella Marazziti ◽  
Jorge Perez ◽  
Giovanni B. Cassano
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Camp Pathway ◽  
Type C

AbstractAlthough the precise etiologic nature of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), one of the most common psychiatric conditions, is unknown, several findings indicate involvement of the serotonin (5-HT) transporter. Apart from the specific effects of selective 5-HT reuptake inhibitors, other studies show decreased functionality of the platelet 5-HT transporter in OCD. In this report, the authors combine data from two independent studies of patients with OCD, showing both an increased activity of protein kinase type C (PKC) and a decreased activity of protein kinase type A (PKA). The authors propose a unifying hypothesis that OCD might be determined by an imbalance between PKC and PKA, with a prevalence of the former and, more generally, of the phosphoinositide over the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) pathway. Should this hypothesis prove correct, the path would be open for new therapeutic interventions in the treatment of OCD.

Protein-Protein Interactions of Phosphodiesterases

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 555-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayasah Y. Al-Nema ◽  
Anand Gaurav
Keyword(s):  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Second Messengers ◽  
Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Protein S ◽  
Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Guanosine Monophosphate ◽  
Protein Protein Interactions ◽  
Specific Mechanism

Background: Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are enzymes that play a key role in terminating cyclic nucleotides signalling by catalysing the hydrolysis of 3’, 5’- cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and/or 3’, 5’ cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), the second messengers within the cell that transport the signals produced by extracellular signalling molecules which are unable to get into the cells. However, PDEs are proteins which do not operate alone but in complexes that made up of a many proteins. Objective: This review highlights some of the general characteristics of PDEs and focuses mainly on the Protein-Protein Interactions (PPIs) of selected PDE enzymes. The objective is to review the role of PPIs in the specific mechanism for activation and thereby regulation of certain biological functions of PDEs. Methods: Methods The article discusses some of the PPIs of selected PDEs as reported in recent scientific literature. These interactions are critical for understanding the biological role of the target PDE. Results: The PPIs have shown that each PDE has a specific mechanism for activation and thereby regulation a certain biological function. Conclusion: Targeting of PDEs to specific regions of the cell is based on the interaction with other proteins where each PDE enzyme binds with specific protein(s) via PPIs.

scholarly journals Developmental regulation of calmodulin-dependent adenylate cyclase activity in an insect endocrine gland.

1990 ◽  
Vol 1 (10) ◽  
pp. 771-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Meller ◽  
S Sakurai ◽  
L I Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Adenylate Cyclase ◽  
Developmental Regulation ◽  
Second Messengers ◽  
Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Prothoracic Gland ◽  
Endocrine Gland ◽  
And Function ◽  
Gs Alpha ◽  
Developmental Switch

The insect prothoracic gland produces ecdysteroids that elicit molting and metamorphosis, and neurohormone stimulation of steroidogenesis by this gland involves both Ca2+ and cyclic adenosine monophosphate second messengers. Prothoracic gland adenylate cyclase exhibits a complex Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM) dependence, a component of which requires an activated Gs alpha for expression. A developmental switch in this system has been identified that correlates with a change in both regulation and function of the gland and involves the loss of sensitivity to extracellular Ca2+ at a time approximately concurrent with the loss of Ca2+/CaM sensitivity by the adenylate cyclase. The extent of cholera toxin activation of gland Gs alpha is lowered before this developmental switch. However, no alterations in Gs alpha levels or mobility are detected, suggesting that Gs alpha interaction with another component in the signaling pathway, perhaps adenylate cyclase itself, produces the apparent Ca2+/CaM dependence and influences the ability of toxin to modify Gs alpha.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document