Nicotine dependence is associated with depression and childhood trauma in smokers with schizophrenia. Results from the Face-SZ dataset

IntroductionIn a perspective of personalized care for smoking cessation, a better clinical characterization of smokers with schizophrenia (SZ) is needed. The objective of this study was to determine the clinical characteristics of SZ smokers with severe nicotine (NIC) dependence.MethodsTwo hundred and forty stabilized community-dwelling SZ smokers (mean age = 31.9 years, 80.4% male gender) were consecutively included in the network of the FondaMental Expert Centers for schizophrenia and assessed with validated scales. Severe NIC dependence was defined by a Fagerstrom questionnaire score ≥7. Major depression was defined by a Calgary score ≥6. Childhood trauma was self-reported by the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire score (CTQ). Ongoing psychotropic treatment was recorded.ResultsSevere NIC dependence was identified in 83 subjects (34.6%), major depression in 60 (26.3%). 44 (22.3%) subjects were treated by antidepressants. In a multivariate model, severe NIC dependence remained associated with major depression (OR = 3.155, P = 0.006), male gender (OR = 4.479, P = 0.009) and more slightly with childhood trauma (OR = 1.032, P = 0.044), independently of socio-demographic characteristics, psychotic symptoms severity, psychotropic treatments and alcohol disorder.ConclusionNIC dependence was independently and strongly associated with respectively major depression and male gender in schizophrenia, and only slightly with history of childhood trauma. Based on these results, the care of both nicotine dependence and depression should be evaluated for an effective smoking cessation intervention in schizophrenia. Bupropion, an antidepressant that has been found as the potential most effective strategy for tobacco cessation in schizophrenia to date, may be particularly relevant in male SZ smokers with comorbid major depression.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Relationship Between Childhood Trauma and Psychotic Symptoms in Patients with Schizophrenia

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.02.093 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 41 (S1) ◽

pp. S269-S269

Author(s):

E.E. Kılıçaslan ◽

A. Esen ◽

M. Izci Kasal ◽

E. Ozelci ◽

B. Murat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sleep Quality ◽

Childhood Trauma ◽

Stepwise Regression ◽

Negative Symptoms ◽

Depressive Symptomatology ◽

Short Form ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Psychotic Symptoms ◽

Positive Symptoms ◽

Childhood Trauma Questionnaire

IntroductionThe association between childhood trauma and psychotic symptoms is still not clearly understood. Findings for positive and negative symptoms are confounding. This symptomatic response may differ according to the type of childhood trauma, for example childhood abuse was associated with positive symptoms while childhood neglect was associated with negative symptoms.ObjectivesThis study examined the relationship between childhood trauma and psychotic symptoms in schizophrenic patients after controlling for the possible confounding factors, such as clinical features, depression, and sleep quality.MethodsThe childhood trauma questionnaire – short form, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia, Pittsburgh sleep quality index, and the suicidality subscale of mini-international neuropsychiatric interview were administered to 199 patients with schizophrenia. We used sequential multiple stepwise regression analyses in which positive symptoms, negative symptoms, overall psychopathology and total symptoms of schizophrenia were dependent variables.ResultsDepressive symptomatology and childhood physical abuse (CPA) significantly contributed to positive, negative, general psychopathology and global schizophrenia symptomatology. Stepwise regression analysis results are presented in Table 1.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that CPA during childhood could have an impact on psychopathology in schizophrenia.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Childhood trauma: A factor for increased risk of major depression in psoriatic patients

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.707 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 41 (S1) ◽

pp. S526-S527

Author(s):

M. Erfanian

Keyword(s):

Nervous System ◽

Major Depression ◽

Childhood Trauma ◽

Hpa Axis ◽

Childhood Maltreatment ◽

Life Stress ◽

Early Life Stress ◽

Childhood Trauma Questionnaire ◽

Increased Risk ◽

History Of

A history of childhood maltreatment (CM) is an important determinant for understanding the development of psychiatric and physical disorders. CM is associated with sensitization of central nervous system (CNS) that leads to dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis [1]. Early life stress is a well-known contributor to major depression [2]. The dysregulation of HPA axis and sympathetic nervous system activity also impact skin. Epidermis shows a high vulnerability to such psychological stressors resulting to increase risk for psoriasis [3]. The current study investigates the association between childhood trauma and major depression, childhood trauma and psoriasis, and also severity of major depression in female and male patients with psoriasis. Sixty-four psoriatic patients (female = 34, mean age = 46.87) were evaluated with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) for the history of CM and with the MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview for the diagnosis of major depression. CM was associated with major depression, indexed by a higher CTQ in emotional (χ2(3) = 26.002, P < .0005) and physical abuse scores (χ2(3) = 23.764, P < .0005). CM limited to sexual abuse was associated with higher severity of psoriasis (χ2(3) = 9.81, P < .02). There was no indication of a difference between men and women in severity of major depression (U = 444, P = .304). Our findings highlight the importance of recognizing psychiatric comorbidity, in particular major depression, among psoriatic patients. Depressive disorder with the presence of psoriasis may constitute a separate etiology with a greater contribution of early environment.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.

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The relationship between childhood trauma, dopamine release and dexamphetamine-induced positive psychotic symptoms: a [11C]-(+)-PHNO PET study

Translational Psychiatry ◽

10.1038/s41398-019-0627-y ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Tarik Dahoun ◽

Matthew M. Nour ◽

Robert A. McCutcheon ◽

Rick A. Adams ◽

Michael A. P. Bloomfield ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Childhood Trauma ◽

Dopamine Release ◽

Striatal Dopamine ◽

Psychotic Symptoms ◽

Childhood Trauma Questionnaire ◽

Mediation Analyses ◽

Positron Emission ◽

Syndrome Scale ◽

Negative Syndrome ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Childhood trauma is a risk factor for psychosis. Amphetamine increases synaptic striatal dopamine levels and can induce positive psychotic symptoms in healthy individuals and patients with schizophrenia. Socio-developmental hypotheses of psychosis propose that childhood trauma and other environmental risk factors sensitize the dopamine system to increase the risk of psychotic symptoms, but this remains to be tested in humans. We used [11C]-(+)-PHNO positron emission tomography to measure striatal dopamine-2/3 receptor (D2/3R) availability and ventral striatal dexamphetamine-induced dopamine release in healthy participants (n = 24). The relationships between dexamphetamine-induced dopamine release, dexamphetamine-induced positive psychotic symptoms using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), and childhood trauma using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) were assessed using linear regression and mediation analyses, with childhood trauma as the independent variable, dexamphetamine-induced dopamine release as the mediator variable, and dexamphetamine-induced symptoms as the dependent variable. There was a significant interaction between childhood trauma and ventral striatal dopamine release in predicting dexamphetamine-induced positive psychotic symptoms (standardized β = 1.83, p = 0.003), but a mediation analysis was not significant (standardized β = −0.18, p = 0.158). There were no significant effects of dopamine release and childhood trauma on change in negative (p = 0.280) or general PANSS symptoms (p = 0.061), and there was no relationship between ventral striatal baseline D2/3R availability and positive symptoms (p = 0.368). This indicates childhood trauma and dopamine release interact to influence the induction of positive psychotic symptoms. This is not consistent with a simple sensitization hypothesis, but suggests that childhood trauma moderates the cognitive response to dopamine release to make psychotic experiences more likely.

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The Impact of Childhood Trauma, Hallucinations, and Emotional Reactivity on Delusional Ideation

Schizophrenia Bulletin Open ◽

10.1093/schizbullopen/sgaa021 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Abigail C Wright ◽

Drew Coman ◽

Wisteria Deng ◽

Amy Farabaugh ◽

Olga Terechina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Childhood Trauma ◽

Emotional Reactivity ◽

Stressful Life Events ◽

Large Body ◽

Self Report ◽

Psychotic Symptoms ◽

Childhood Trauma Questionnaire ◽

Student Sample ◽

Delusional Ideation ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background A large body of evidence has demonstrated that childhood trauma increases the risk for developing a psychotic disorder. However, the path by which psychotic symptoms develop following trauma is still debated. Emotional reactivity, a tendency to experience more intense and enduring emotional responses, and hallucinations are sequelae of childhood trauma that may predict the emergence of delusional ideation. This study aimed to examine evidence for this hypothesis in a college student sample. Methods Self-report measures were used to cross-sectionally assess childhood trauma (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire), delusional ideation (Peters et al Delusions Inventory), hallucinations (Launay-Slade Hallucinations Scale), and emotional reactivity (Emotion Reactivity Scale) in 1703 US college students. Results Hallucinations and emotional reactivity fully mediated the relationship between childhood trauma and delusional ideation, after controlling for covariates (gender, age, levels of current stress, stressful life events, and resilience). Discussion These results suggest that hallucinations and emotional reactivity associated with childhood trauma may represent quantifiable targets for early intervention.

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The effect of childhood trauma on age of onset in patients with schizophrenia

International Journal of Social Psychiatry ◽

10.1177/0020764020943629 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 66 (8) ◽

pp. 763-769

Author(s):

Cem İngeç ◽

Esin Evren Kılıçaslan

Keyword(s):

Childhood Trauma ◽

Clinical Features ◽

Head Trauma ◽

Age Of Onset ◽

Short Form ◽

Disease Onset ◽

Psychotic Symptoms ◽

Childhood Trauma Questionnaire ◽

Birth Complication ◽

And Migration

Purpose: Childhood trauma (CT) has been shown to affect the etiology and clinical features of schizophrenia. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effects of CT on the age of onset (AoO) and clinical features of the disease by considering factors such as family history, head trauma, birth trauma, alcohol and substance abuse that may affect AoO of the disease. Methods: The sample comprising 200 patients admitted to the outpatient and inpatient care at the Izmir Katip Çelebi University, Atatürk Education and Research Hospital psychiatry clinic, were included in the study. Socio-demographic information form, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF) and subscale of Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) were applied. Results: All types of trauma, except physical abuse, were found related to the disease onset age earlier. It was also detected that the factors of head trauma, birth complication, presence of an individual diagnosed with schizophrenia in the family and migration history were not related to AoO of the disease. On the other hand, it was found that physical, emotional and sexual abuses lead to more positive psychotic symptoms, and all types of CT increase the severity of disease and the risk of suicide. Conclusion: This study draws attention to the etiological importance of CT in schizophrenia as an environmental factor by showing that it affects AoO of the disease along with symptomatology. Future studies should focus on the pathogenesis of CT in schizophrenia and the interaction between CT and biological and genetic predisposition.

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