Different types of physical exercise in brain activity of older adults: A systematic review

Abstract Background: Osteosarcopenia is defined as the concomitant occurrence of sarcopenia and osteopenia or osteoporosis. Older adults with this syndrome have greater fragility and chances of mortality compared to those without these conditions. Exercise has been recommended as a treatment for osteosarcopenia based on interventions with sarcopenic and osteoporotic individuals separately. However, there is no evidence that physical exercise can really be an effective treatment for osteosarcopenia. Our objective is to identify whether physical exercise can improve the osteosarcopenia in older adults and lead to good health outcomes. Methods: We will perform a systematic review on the follow databases: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Scopus. The criterion of inclusion will be clinical trial studies in which the interventions were physical exercises in older adults diagnosed with osteosarcopenia. To assess the risk of bias, the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) and the Black and Downs tools will be used. For each search result, the quality of the evidence will ultimately receive one of four grades: high quality, moderate quality, low quality, or very low quality. Discussion: Through this systematic review protocol, an article on physical exercise recommendations for osteosarcopenia in older adults will be prepared. The results of this study may lead to recommendations for physical exercise as a non-pharmacological treatment or complementary therapy for the prevention of osteosarcopenia.Systematic review registration: Ongoing on Prospero.Ethics and dissemination: Protocol written according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA).

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Benefits of VR Physical Exercise on Cognition in Older Adults with and without Mild Cognitive Decline: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

Healthcare ◽

10.3390/healthcare9070883 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. 883

Author(s):

Kohei Sakaki ◽

Rui Nouchi ◽

Yutaka Matsuzaki ◽

Toshiki Saito ◽

Jérôme Dinet ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Older Adults ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Physical Exercise ◽

Cognitive Decline ◽

Cognitive Functions ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Wide Range ◽

Aging Populations

It is well known that physical exercise has beneficial effects on cognitive function in older adults. Recently, several physical exercise programs with virtual reality (VR) have been proposed to support physical exercise benefits. However, it is still unclear whether VR physical exercise (VR-PE) has positive effects on cognitive function in older adults. The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review (SR) of the effects of VR-PE on cognitive function in older adults with and without cognitive decline. We used academic databases to search for research papers. The criteria were intervention study using any VR-PE, participants were older adults with and without mild cognitive decline (not dementia), and cognitive functions were assessed. We found that 6 of 11 eligible studies reported the significant benefits of the VR-PE on a wide range of cognitive functions in aging populations. The SR revealed that VR-PE has beneficial effects on the inhibition of executive functions in older adults with and without mild cognitive decline. Moreover, VR-PE selectively leads to improvements in shifting and general cognitive performance in healthy older adults. The SR suggests that VR-PE could be a successful approach to improve cognitive function in older adults with and without cognitive decline.

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Characteristics of Physical Exercise Programs for Older Adults in Latin America: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18062812 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (6) ◽

pp. 2812

Author(s):

Eduardo Vásquez-Araneda ◽

Rodrigo Ignacio Solís-Vivanco ◽

Sandra Mahecha-Matsudo ◽

Rafael Zapata-Lamana ◽

Igor Cigarroa

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Older Adults ◽

Latin America ◽

Physical Exercise ◽

Randomized Controlled Trials ◽

Total Sample ◽

Controlled Trials ◽

Exercise Programs ◽

Sports Science ◽

Randomized Controlled

Aim: To characterize physical exercise programs for older adults in Latin America. Methods: This review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA statement. A search for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published between the years 2015 and 2020 was performed in the Scopus, MedLine and SciELO databases. Results: A total of 101 RCTs were included. A large percentage of the studies had an unclear risk of bias in the items: selection, performance, detection and attribution. Furthermore, a heterogeneous level of compliance was observed in the CERT items. A total sample of 5013 older adults (79% women) was included. 97% of the studies included older adults between 60–70 years, presenting an adherence to the interventions of 86%. The studies were mainly carried out in older adults with cardiometabolic diseases. Only 44% of the studies detailed information regarding the place of intervention; of these studies, 61% developed their interventions in university facilities. The interventions were mainly based on therapeutic physical exercise (89% of the articles), with a duration of 2–6 months (95% of the articles) and a frequency of 2–3 times a week (95% of the articles) with sessions of 30–60 min (94% of the articles) led by sports science professionals (51% of the articles). The components of physical fitness that were exercised the most were muscular strength (77% of the articles) and cardiorespiratory fitness (47% of the articles). Furthermore, only 48% of the studies included a warm-up stage and 34% of the studies included a cool-down stage. Conclusions: This systematic review characterized the physical exercise programs in older adults in Latin America, as well the most frequently used outcome measures and instruments, by summarizing available evidence derived from RCTs. The results will be useful for prescribing future physical exercise programs in older adults.

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The effects of physical exercise on older adults, aged 65 years and older, with a diagnosis of dementia: a systematic review protocol

The JBI Database of Systematic Reviews and Implementation Reports ◽

10.11124/jbisrir-2013-938 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 414-421 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Benjamin Fox ◽

Brent Hodgkinson

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Older Adults ◽

Physical Exercise ◽

Systematic Review Protocol ◽

Diagnosis Of Dementia ◽

Review Protocol

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A Systematic Review of the Literature Regarding Physical, Cognitive and Emotional Outcomes in Older Adults Practitioners of Physical Exercise

10.21203/rs.3.rs-58739/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Miguel Ángel Araque-Martínez ◽

Eva María Artés-Rodríguez ◽

Antonio Jesús Casimiro-Andújar ◽

Pedro Jesús Ruiz-Montero

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Older Adults ◽

Physical Exercise ◽

Exercise Intervention ◽

Review Of The Literature ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Strength Performance ◽

Healthy Older Adults ◽

Emotional Outcomes ◽

Type Of Exercise

Abstract Background: This systematic review provides an overview about those papers with a specific physical exercise intervention aimed to improve physical, cognitive and/or emotional outcomes in healthy older people aged 60 or over. Studies with no intervention whose sample were active healthy older adults were also included.Methods: An exhaustive literature search was done through two databases, including studies from January 2000 to July 2020. Results: Of the 2006 identified records, 66 met the inclusion criteria and were selected. Results from the review showed a wide variety of older adults and lengths of the interventions, from five weeks (the shortest one) to five years. Aerobic exercise, either isolated or combined with strength performance, was also the most common type of exercise recognized in this systematic review.Conclusions: Findings also suggest that the number of studies with all, physical, cognitive and emotional outcomes have been increasing during recent years in healthy older adults.

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Systematic review of aquatic physical exercise programs on functional fitness in older adults

European Journal of Translational Myology ◽

10.4081/ejtm.2021.10006 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jose Fuentes-Lopez ◽

Ruben Vidal-Espinoza ◽

Fernando Alvear-Vasquez ◽

Lucila Sanchez-Macedo ◽

Dony Mamani Velasquez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Older Adults ◽

Physical Exercise ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Exercise Program ◽

Aquatic Exercise ◽

Functional Fitness ◽

Exercise Programs ◽

Exercise Frequency ◽

Pubmed Database

The practice of physical exercise is recommended in the prevention of the deterioration of neuromuscular functions in aging. The objectives of this systematic review were to describe the protocols used and the functional fitness indicators evaluated in aquatic exercise programs in adults aged 50 to 80 years. The Pubmed database was used. The keywords were: 1) Physical exercise program or protocols or duration or type of exercise or aquatic exercise, frequency or intensity or indicators; 2) Adults or older adults; 3) Training or indicators, functional fitness, physical fitness. The search strategy considered the components of the Population, Interventions, Comparators, Outcomes, and Study design (PICOS) tool. Nine experimental studies were identified. These studies developed protocols to improve functional fitness in adults aged 50 to 80 years. They were based on sessions of 2 to 5 per week, the work time per session was 30 to 60min, intensities varied between 50 to 95% and totaled between 4 to 24 weeks of intervention. The activities were based on aquatic gymnastic exercises aimed at muscular strengthening of the upper and lower extremities, as well as coordination, balance, agility, cycling and walking exercises submerged in water. The protocols developed to improve functional fitness in adults aged 50 to 80 years were based on general physical exercise prescription guidelines (frequency, duration, intensity and type of activity). The application of aquatic exercises based on gymnastic exercises can provoke positive responses on functional fitness if worked at least 2 to 5 times per week, 30 to 60min/day and at intensities of 50 to 95%. These systematized indicators can be used by professionals working with adults to create and promote aquatic programs to improve functional fitness.

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