Analysis of QTL for resistance to head smut (Sporisorium reiliana) in maize

Yield and quality of herbage seed can be affected by many diseases. In New Zealand the most important diseases of grasses are rusts, especially stem rust on ryegrasses, cocksfoot and timothy; head smut of bromes; and ergot of paspalum. Blind-seed disease is of minor importance on ryegrass at present. Clover yield can be affected by rot, scorch and stem nematode. These diseases and others are discussed in relation to changing farming practices, and disease control measures are suggested. Keywords: Herbage seed production, diseases, Puccinia graminis, Ustilago bullata, Claviceps paspali, Gloeotinia temulenta

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PRAIRIE GRASS ESTABLISHMENT AFFECTED BY SEED TREATMENT AND SOWING DATE

Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association ◽

10.33584/jnzg.1985.46.1700 ◽

1985 ◽

pp. 141-146

Author(s):

R.E. Falloon

Keyword(s):

Seedling Establishment ◽

Seed Treatment ◽

Sowing Date ◽

Seed Treatments ◽

Head Smut ◽

Sowing Dates ◽

Prairie Grass ◽

Soil Temperatures ◽

Successful Establishment ◽

Grass Establishment

Effects of two different fungicide seed treatments, inoculation of seed with teliospores of the head smut fungus (Ustilago bullata Berk.), and five different autumn sowing dates, on establishment of prairie grass (Bromus willdenowii Kunth cv. 'Grasslands Matua,'), were examined in a field trial. Seedling establishment was increased by thiram seed treatment and decreased by inoculation of seed with U. bullata. Greater numbers of seedlings established from early sowings, when soil temperatures were higher, than from late sowings. Suitable seed treatments to increase the likelihood of successful establishment of prairie grass are discussed. Keywords: Bromus willdenowii, seedling establishment, seed treatments, thiram, Ustilago bullata, sowing dates, soil temperatures

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Ustilago bullata. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

IMI Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria ◽

10.1079/dfb/20056400718 ◽

1981 ◽

Author(s):

J. E. M. Mordue

Keyword(s):

Geographical Distribution ◽

Latent Infection ◽

Slow Growth ◽

Poor Survival ◽

Head Smut ◽

Slow Growth Rate ◽

North And South America ◽

North And South ◽

Leaf Distortion ◽

Infection Hypha

Abstract A description is provided for Ustilago bullata. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Agropyron, Bromus, Brachypodium, Elymus, Festuca, Hordeum, Sitanion. DISEASE: Causes head smut of grasses particularly species of Bromus and Agropyron. Sori develop at the base of spikelets and usually involve the ovary but glumes are usually unaffected, phyllody of floral parts also occurs. Latent infection with very reduced sori production can also occur. Infected seedlings show stunting and poor survival, older plants show slow growth rate and leaf distortion has been observed (56, 265). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Europe, North and South America, W. Asia (USSR, Poland, Iraq), India, Kenya, Australia, New Zealand. TRANSMISSION: Teliospores are released from the inflorescence sori to contaminate soil and seed. Teliospores have remained viable (in artificial storage) for 12 years. Germination results in the production of a metabasidium and sporidia, plasmogamy then produces a dikaryotic infection hypha. Seedlings and older shoots become infected, the former producing completely infected plants, but the latter producing separately diseased tillers (see Falloon, 1979).

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Genome-wide association study (GWAS) of resistance to head smut in maize

Plant Science ◽

10.1016/j.plantsci.2012.08.004 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 196 ◽

pp. 125-131 ◽

Cited By ~ 68

Author(s):

Ming Wang ◽

Jianbing Yan ◽

Jiuran Zhao ◽

Wei Song ◽

Xiaobo Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Association Study ◽

Genome Wide Association Study ◽

Genome Wide Association ◽

Head Smut ◽

Genome Wide

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Susceptibility of Maize Inbreds and Incidence of Symptomless Infection by the Head Smut Pathogen, Sphacelotheca reiliana

Plant Health Progress ◽

10.1094/php-rs-15-0014 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S. J. Anderson ◽

H. E. Simmons ◽

R. D. French-Monar ◽

G. P. Munkvold

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Real Time Pcr ◽

Field Trials ◽

Growth Stages ◽

High Susceptibility ◽

Head Smut ◽

Pcr Assay ◽

Disease Symptoms ◽

The Real ◽

Seedling Infection

A real-time PCR assay was used to compare seedling infection by Sphacelotheca reiliana, the causal agent of head smut, among five inbred genotypes representing low, moderate, and high susceptibility to the disease. Seeds were coated with teliospores and planted in autoclaved field soil in a growth chamber. Incidence of seedling infection at growth stage V3 differed between an inbred genotype of low susceptibility and those of moderate and high susceptibility, but did not differ between the high and moderately susceptible groups (P < 0.05). The real-time PCR assay was also used to compare infection status at early and late vegetative stages with observable symptoms in the field. We detected infection via real-time PCR in maize at both growth stages during field trials conducted in Texas and California but observed no disease symptoms (smutted ears or tassels). Notably, the fungus was present in up to 31% of the ear shoots in plots without disease symptoms. The real-time assay can be a useful tool for screening seedling-stage host resistance, and for better understanding the progress of infection in different maize genotypes. The field data suggest that asymptomatic infection is much more common than previously thought, and may have important implications for the epidemiology of this fungus under diverse plant resistance and growing conditions. Accepted for publication 11 December 2015. Published 5 January 2016.

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