Gene expression in Fusarium graminearum grown on plant cell wall

2008 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 738-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphaël Carapito ◽  
Didier Hatsch ◽  
Sonja Vorwerk ◽  
Elizabet Petkovski ◽  
Jean-Marc Jeltsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Plant Cell Wall

scholarly journals Synergistic Effect of Different Plant Cell Wall–Degrading Enzymes Is Important for Virulence of Fusarium graminearum

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 886-895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Chiara Paccanaro ◽  
Luca Sella ◽  
Carla Castiglioni ◽  
Francesca Giacomello ◽  
Ana Lilia Martínez-Rocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Xylanase Activity ◽  
Cellulase Activity ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Xylanase Production ◽  
Significant Difference

Endo-polygalacturonases (PGs) and xylanases have been shown to play an important role during pathogenesis of some fungal pathogens of dicot plants, while their role in monocot pathogens is less defined. Pg1 and xyr1 genes of the wheat pathogen Fusarium graminearum encode the main PG and the major regulator of xylanase production, respectively. Single- and double-disrupted mutants for these genes were obtained to assess their contribution to fungal infection. Compared with wild-type strain, the ∆pg mutant showed a nearly abolished PG activity, slight reduced virulence on soybean seedlings, but no significant difference in disease symptoms on wheat spikes; the ∆xyr mutant was strongly reduced in xylanase activity and moderately reduced in cellulase activity but was as virulent as wild type on both soybean and wheat plants. Consequently, the ΔpgΔxyr double mutant was impaired in xylanase, PG, and cellulase activities but, differently from single mutants, was significantly reduced in virulence on both plants. These findings demonstrate that the concurrent presence of PG, xylanase, and cellulase activities is necessary for full virulence. The observation that the uronides released from wheat cell wall after a F. graminearum PG treatment were largely increased by the fungal xylanases suggests that these enzymes act synergistically in deconstructing the plant cell wall.

scholarly journals The Spatio-Temporal Distribution of Cell Wall-Associated Glycoproteins During Wood Formation in Populus

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tayebeh Abedi ◽  
Romain Castilleux ◽  
Pieter Nibbering ◽  
Totte Niittylä
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Wood Formation ◽  
Cell Type Specificity ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Ray Cell

Plant cell wall associated hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins (HRGPs) are involved in several aspects of plant growth and development, including wood formation in trees. HRGPs such as arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs), extensins (EXTs), and proline rich proteins (PRPs) are important for the development and architecture of plant cell walls. Analysis of publicly available gene expression data revealed that many HRGP encoding genes show tight spatio-temporal expression patterns in the developing wood of Populus that are indicative of specific functions during wood formation. Similar results were obtained for the expression of glycosyl transferases putatively involved in HRGP glycosylation. In situ immunolabelling of transverse wood sections using AGP and EXT antibodies revealed the cell type specificity of different epitopes. In mature wood AGP epitopes were located in xylem ray cell walls, whereas EXT epitopes were specifically observed between neighboring xylem vessels, and on the ray cell side of the vessel walls, likely in association with pits. Molecular mass and glycan analysis of AGPs and EXTs in phloem/cambium, developing xylem, and mature xylem revealed clear differences in glycan structures and size between the tissues. Separation of AGPs by agarose gel electrophoresis and staining with β-D-glucosyl Yariv confirmed the presence of different AGP populations in phloem/cambium and xylem. These results reveal the diverse changes in HRGP-related processes that occur during wood formation at the gene expression and HRGP glycan biosynthesis levels, and relate HRGPs and glycosylation processes to the developmental processes of wood formation.

scholarly journals Direct Target Network of the Neurospora crassa Plant Cell Wall Deconstruction Regulators CLR-1, CLR-2, and XLR-1

mBio ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
James P. Craig ◽  
Samuel T. Coradetti ◽  
Trevor L. Starr ◽  
N. Louise Glass
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Neurospora Crassa ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Nutrient Sensing ◽  
Wall Material ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Genes Encoding

ABSTRACTFungal deconstruction of the plant cell requires a complex orchestration of a wide array of intracellular and extracellular enzymes. InNeurospora crassa, CLR-1, CLR-2, and XLR-1 have been identified as key transcription factors regulating plant cell wall degradation in response to soluble sugars. The XLR-1 regulon was defined using a constitutively active mutant allele, resulting in hemicellulase gene expression and secretion under noninducing conditions. To define genes directly regulated by CLR-1, CLR-2, and XLR-1, we performed chromatin immunoprecipitation and next-generation sequencing (ChIPseq) on epitope-tagged constructs of these three transcription factors. WhenN. crassais exposed to plant cell wall material, CLR-1, CLR-2, and XLR-1 individually bind to the promoters of the most strongly induced genes in their respective regulons. These include promoters of genes encoding cellulases for CLR-1 and CLR-2 (CLR-1/CLR-2) and promoters of genes encoding hemicellulases for XLR-1. CLR-1 bound to its regulon under noninducing conditions; however, this binding alone did not translate into gene expression and enzyme secretion. Motif analysis of the bound genes revealed conserved DNA binding motifs, with the CLR-2 motif matching that of its closest paralog inSaccharomyces cerevisiae, Gal4p. Coimmunoprecipitation studies showed that CLR-1 and CLR-2 act in a homocomplex but not as a CLR-1/CLR-2 heterocomplex.IMPORTANCEUnderstanding fungal regulation of complex plant cell wall deconstruction pathways in response to multiple environmental signals via interconnected transcriptional circuits provides insight into fungus/plant interactions and eukaryotic nutrient sensing. Coordinated optimization of these regulatory networks is likely required for optimal microbial enzyme production.

scholarly journals ARABIDOPSIS DEHISCENCE ZONE POLYGALACTURONASE 1 (ADPG1) releases latent defense signals in stems with reduced lignin content

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (6) ◽  
pp. 3281-3290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Gallego-Giraldo ◽  
Chang Liu ◽  
Sara Pose-Albacete ◽  
Sivakumar Pattathil ◽  
Angelo Gabriel Peralta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Down Regulation ◽  
Dehiscence Zone ◽  
Cell Wall Remodeling

There is considerable interest in engineering plant cell wall components, particularly lignin, to improve forage quality and biomass properties for processing to fuels and bioproducts. However, modifying lignin content and/or composition in transgenic plants through down-regulation of lignin biosynthetic enzymes can induce expression of defense response genes in the absence of biotic or abiotic stress. Arabidopsis thaliana lines with altered lignin through down-regulation of hydroxycinnamoyl CoA:shikimate/quinate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (HCT) or loss of function of cinnamoyl CoA reductase 1 (CCR1) express a suite of pathogenesis-related (PR) protein genes. The plants also exhibit extensive cell wall remodeling associated with induction of multiple cell wall-degrading enzymes, a process which renders the corresponding biomass a substrate for growth of the cellulolytic thermophile Caldicellulosiruptor bescii lacking a functional pectinase gene cluster. The cell wall remodeling also results in the release of size- and charge-heterogeneous pectic oligosaccharide elicitors of PR gene expression. Genetic analysis shows that both in planta PR gene expression and release of elicitors are the result of ectopic expression in xylem of the gene ARABIDOPSIS DEHISCENCE ZONE POLYGALACTURONASE 1 (ADPG1), which is normally expressed during anther and silique dehiscence. These data highlight the importance of pectin in cell wall integrity and the value of lignin modification as a tool to interrogate the informational content of plant cell walls.

scholarly journals Assessing Comparative Microbiome Performance in Plant Cell Wall Deconstruction Using Multi-omics-Informed Network Analysis

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren M Tom ◽  
Martina Aulitto ◽  
Yu-Wei Wu ◽  
Yu W Gao ◽  
Kai Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Cell Walls ◽  
Biochemical Assays ◽  
Biomass Loss ◽  
Successional Stages ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

Plant cell walls are interwoven structures recalcitrant to degradation. Both native and adapted microbiomes are particularly effective at plant cell wall deconstruction. Studying these deconstructive microbiomes provides an opportunity to assess microbiome performance and relate it to specific microbial populations and enzymes. To establish a system assessing comparative microbiome performance, parallel microbiomes were cultivated on sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) from compost inocula. Biomass loss and biochemical assays indicated that these microbiomes diverged in their ability to deconstruct biomass. Network reconstructions from time-dependent gene expression identified key deconstructive groups within the adapted sorghum-degrading communities, including Actinotalea, Filomicrobium, and Gemmanimonadetes populations. Functional analysis of gene expression demonstrated that the microbiomes proceeded through successional stages that are linked to enzymes that deconstruct plant cell wall polymers. This combination of network and functional analysis highlighted the importance of cellulose-active Actinobacteria in differentiating the performance of these microbiomes.

Fusarium graminearum on plant cell wall: No fewer than 30 xylanase genes transcribed

2006 ◽  
Vol 345 (3) ◽  
pp. 959-966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Didier Hatsch ◽  
Vincent Phalip ◽  
Elizabet Petkovski ◽  
Jean-Marc Jeltsch
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Plant Cell Wall

scholarly journals A specific fungal transcription factor controls effector gene expression and orchestrates the establishment of the necrotrophic pathogen lifestyle on wheat

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Darcy A. B. Jones ◽  
Evan John ◽  
Kasia Rybak ◽  
Huyen T. T. Phan ◽  
Karam B. Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Wall Degradation ◽  
Necrotrophic Pathogen ◽  
Effector Gene ◽  
Plant Cell Wall Degradation

Abstract The fungus Parastagonospora nodorum infects wheat through the use of necrotrophic effector (NE) proteins that cause host-specific tissue necrosis. The Zn2Cys6 transcription factor PnPf2 positively regulates NE gene expression and is required for virulence on wheat. Little is known about other downstream targets of PnPf2. We compared the transcriptomes of the P. nodorum wildtype and a strain deleted in PnPf2 (pf2-69) during in vitro growth and host infection to further elucidate targets of PnPf2 signalling. Gene ontology enrichment analysis of the differentially expressed (DE) genes revealed that genes associated with plant cell wall degradation and proteolysis were enriched in down-regulated DE gene sets in pf2-69 compared to SN15. In contrast, genes associated with redox control, nutrient and ion transport were up-regulated in the mutant. Further analysis of the DE gene set revealed that PnPf2 positively regulates twelve genes that encode effector-like proteins. Two of these genes encode proteins with homology to previously characterised effectors in other fungal phytopathogens. In addition to modulating effector gene expression, PnPf2 may play a broader role in the establishment of a necrotrophic lifestyle by orchestrating the expression of genes associated with plant cell wall degradation and nutrient assimilation.

scholarly journals Plant cell wall polysaccharides induce colony expansion of soil-derived Flavobacterium spp.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Kraut-Cohen ◽  
Orr H. Shapiro ◽  
Barak Dror ◽  
Eddie Cytryn
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Gliding Motility ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Cell Wall Polysaccharides ◽  
Gene Expression Analyses ◽  
Rhizosphere Competence

SummaryFlavobacterium is a genus, belonging to the Bacteriodetes phylum, characterized by a unique gliding motility. They are often abundant in root microbiomes of various plants, but the factors contributing to this high abundance are currently unknown. In this study, we evaluated the effect of various plant-associated poly- and mono-saccharides on colony expansion of two Flavobacterium strains. Both strains were able to grow on pectin and other polysaccharides such as microcrystalline cellulose. However, only pectin, a major component of plant cell walls, substantially enhanced colony expansion on solid surfaces in a dose- and substrate-dependent manner (but did not occur on pectin monomers). On pectin, flavobacteria exhibited a bi-phasic behavior, with an initial phase of rapid expansion, followed by growth within the colonized area. Proteomic and gene expression analyses revealed significant induction of carbohydrate metabolism related proteins when flavobacteria were grown on pectin, including selected SusC/D, TonB-dependent glycan transport operons. Our results suggest an unknown linkage between specific glycan associated operons and flavobacterial colony expansion. This may be associated with their capacity to rapidly glide along the root and metabolize plant cell wall carbohydrates, characteristics that are crucial to rhizosphere competence.Originality-Significance StatementThis study reveals unique data linking plant glycan metabolism and bacterial motility, providing insight into bacterial-root associations and rhizosphere competence. Specifically, it explores mechanisms associated with pectin-stimulated colony expansion in root-associated Flavobacterium strains. We determined that expansion of colonies on pectin was biphasic in nature, characterized by rapid proliferation followed by biomass accumulation. We demonstrate by proteomic and gene expression analyses that expansion of Flavobacterium on pectin strongly induces TonB related transporters, which seemingly play a role in motility in addition to the uptake and metabolism of plant-associated glycans.

scholarly journals Systems identification and characterization of β-glucuronosyltransferase genes involved in arabinogalactan-protein biosynthesis in plant genomes

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oyeyemi Olugbenga Ajayi ◽  
Allan M. Showalter
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Functional Divergence ◽  
Arabinogalactan Protein ◽  
Plant Genomes ◽  
Cell Wall Polymers

AbstractUtilizing plant biomass for bioethanol production requires an understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in plant cell wall assembly. Arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs) are glycoproteins that interact with other cell wall polymers to influence plant growth and developmental processes. Glucuronic acid, which is transferred to the AGP glycan by β-glucuronosyltransferases (GLCATs), is the only acidic sugar in AGPs with the ability to bind calcium. We carried out a comprehensive genome-wide analysis of a putative GLCAT gene family involved in AGP biosynthesis by examining its sequence diversity, genetic architecture, phylogenetic and motif characteristics, selection pressure and gene expression in plants. We report the identification of 161 putative GLCAT genes distributed across 14 plant genomes and a widely conserved GLCAT catalytic domain. We discovered a phylogenetic clade shared between bryophytes and higher land plants of monocot grass and dicot lineages and identified positively selected sites that do not result in functional divergence of GLCATs. RNA-seq and microarray data analyses of the putative GLCAT genes revealed gene expression signatures that likely influence the assembly of plant cell wall polymers which is critical to the overall growth and development of edible and bioenergy crops.

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