Abstract
Objectives
To study the effect of exercise training alone and or in combination with marine phytoplankton (Oceanix, OCX) and undenatured type II collagen (UCII) supplementation on the endurance capacity, pro-inflammatory markers, and antioxidant defense markers in rats.
Methods
A total of 28 male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 7) (i) No exercise and no OCX (Control), (ii) Exercise, (iii) Exercise +OCX-I (2.55 mg d/rat) + UC-II (4 mg), iv) Exercise + OCX-2 (5.1 mg d/rat)+UC-II (4 mg). Levels of cholesterol, triglyceride, proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, COMP, CRP), lactate and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels activities of antioxidant enzymes were determined in all the groups.
Results
Run to exhaustion (minutes) improved in the OCX + UC-II treated groups. Levels of cholesterol, triglyceride, proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, COMP, CRP) decreased by OCX + UC-II supplementation. A significant decrease in lactate and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and an increase in activities of antioxidant enzymes were observed in the combination of exercise and OCX + UC-II groups. Exercise + OCX + UC-II treated had lower TNF-α and IL-1β levels in muscle than exercise and control rats (P < 0.001). Muscle sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c), liver X receptors (LXR), ATP citrate lyase (ACLY) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) levels in the exercise + OCX + UC-II group were lower than all groups (P < 0.05). The effectiveness of the high dose of OCX was more pronounced than the low dose of OCX.
Conclusions
These results suggest OCX and UC-II with exercise may enhance lipid metabolism by regulation of gene products involved in lipid and antioxidant metabolism including SREBP-1c, -γ, LXR, ACLY and FAS in rats.
Funding Sources
Lonza.
Functional Characterization of Undenatured Type II Collagen Supplements: Are They Interchangeable?
