The synthesis and identification of previously unreported artefacts formed during phosgene-contaminated chloroform extraction of amphetamine-type substances

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 100272
Author(s):  
Brendan Miller ◽  
Sue E. Boyd
Keyword(s):  
Chloroform Extraction

Application of RT-PCR for the Detection of Enteric Viruses in Oysters

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 49-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Jaykus ◽  
R. De Leon ◽  
M. D. Sobsey
Keyword(s):  
Enteric Viruses ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chloroform Extraction ◽  
Cationic Detergent

Oyster samples processed by adsorption-elution-precipitation were seeded with poliovirus 1 and HAV, and cleaned and concentrated by Freon extraction (2X), PEG precipitation and chloroform extraction. Freon extraction resulted in recoveries of 63-76% for polio and 42-52% for HAV. PEG precipitation/chloroform extraction gave recoveries of 47-50% for polio and 15-19% for HAV. Treated extracts inhibited RT-PCR at 10−2 dilutions. Inhibitors were removed by treatment with the cationic detergent CTAB or Pro-Cipitate/UF adsorption-elution-concentration. Both treatments resulted in samples on which direct RT-PCR was possible. The CTAB procedure was able to detect 78 pfu of polio and 295 pfu of HAV. The Pro-Cipitate procedure was able to detect 70 pfu polio and 2.1×103 pfu HAV.

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF FREE AND TOTAL CHOLESTEROL BY DIRECT CHLOROFORM EXTRACTION

1949 ◽  
Vol 180 (1) ◽  
pp. 315-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
George R. Kingsley ◽  
Roscoe R. Schaffert
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Chloroform Extraction

Inhibition of P-glycoprotein-mediated transport by a hydrophobic contaminant in commercial gluconate salts

1999 ◽  
Vol 276 (6) ◽  
pp. C1439-C1442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos G. Vanoye ◽  
Guillermo A. Altenberg ◽  
Luis Reuss
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Transport ◽  
Ringer Solution ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Rhodamine 123 ◽  
Transport Mechanisms ◽  
Sodium Gluconate ◽  
Chloroform Extraction ◽  
P Glycoprotein ◽  
Dependent Transport

The substitution of gluconate for Cl− is commonly used to characterize Cl− transport or Cl−-dependent transport mechanisms. We evaluated the effects of substituting gluconate for Cl− on the transport of the P-glycoprotein substrate rhodamine 123 (R123). The replacement of Ringer solution containing Cl−(Cl−-Ringer) with gluconate-Ringer inhibited R123 efflux, whereas the replacement of Cl− by other anions (sulfate or cyclamate) had no effect. The inhibition of R123 efflux by gluconate-Ringer was absent after chloroform extraction of the sodium gluconate salt. The readdition of the sodium gluconate-chloroform extract to the extracted gluconate-Ringer or to cyclamate-Ringer inhibited R123 efflux, whereas its addition to Cl−-Ringer had no effect. These observations indicate that the inhibition of P-glycoprotein-mediated R123 transport by gluconate is due to one or more chloroform-soluble contaminants and that the inhibition is absent in the presence of Cl−. The results are consistent with the fact that P-glycoprotein substrates are hydrophobic. Care should be taken when replacing ions to evaluate membrane transport mechanisms because highly pure commercial preparations may still contain potent contaminants that affect transport.

Rapid Thin Layer Chromatographic Method for Determining Aflatoxin Bi, Ochratoxin A, and Zearalenone in Corn

1978 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 584-585
Author(s):  
Ivan Balzer ◽  
Čedo Bogdanić ◽  
Stjepan Pepeljnjak
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Ultraviolet Light ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Chromatographic Method ◽  
Limits Of Detection ◽  
Chloroform Extraction ◽  
Tlc Plates

Abstract A multimycotoxin thin layer chromatographic method is described for the analysis of corn. Aflatoxins are extracted from the samples with acetonitrile-water, and sodium bicarbonate is added to separate the acidic ochratoxin from zearalenone and aflatoxin B1. After chloroform extraction, 1/V NaOH is added to separate zearalenone and aflatoxin B1# The separated mycotoxins are spotted on TLC plates, which are then examined under ultraviolet light. The following recoveries ( % ) were obtained for corn samples: aflatoxin B1 71, ochratoxin A 87, and zearalenone 85. The limits of detection for the respective mycotoxins were 2, 40, and 200 ppb.

Methaqualone1 Overdose: Analytical Methodology, and the Significance of Serum Drug Concentrations

1973 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 615-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
David N Bailey ◽  
Peter I Jatlow
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Polar Solvent ◽  
Parent Drug ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Back Extraction ◽  
Hexane Extraction ◽  
Analytical Methodology ◽  
Chloroform Extraction ◽  
Drug Concentrations ◽  
Reported Data

Abstract Methaqualone abuse and overdose have recently become "epidemic." We determined concentrations of the drug in serum in 15 cases of overdose by gas— liquid chromatography (GLC) and ultraviolet spectraphotometry (UV). Values by GLC were consistently lower than those determined by UV after chloroform extraction, but correlated well with those obtained by UV after hexane extraction. Our studies show that at least one chloroform extractable metabolite has a spectrum very similar to that of the parent drug. This may in part explain the lower results obtained by GLC and suggests that other reported data based on UV analysis of chloroform and ether extracts may be too high. Extraction with hexane, a less polar solvent, followed by back extraction into HCl provides an accurate UV method suitable for emergency use. Concentration of unchanged methaqualone in serum after overdose ranged from 2 mg/liter to 22 mg/liter in this series; those greater than 8 mg/liter were usually associated with unconsciousness.

Cuticular Wax Profiles of Leaves of Some Traditionally Used African Bignoniaceae

2004 ◽  
Vol 59 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 631-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rainer Gormann ◽  
Lukas Schreiber ◽  
Herbert Kolodziej
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Oleanolic Acid ◽  
Homologous Series ◽  
Cuticular Wax ◽  
Cuticular Waxes ◽  
Chloroform Extraction

Abstract The cuticular waxes, obtained by chloroform extraction from the leaves of four African Bignoniaceae, Newbouldia laevis, Markhamia acuminata, Spathodea campanulata and Kigelia africana were analysed by GC-MS. The principal constituents were represented by a homologous series of n-alkanes (C23-C33), n-alcohols (C18-C30) and related carboxylic acids (C16-C36). For N. laevis and M. acuminata, ursolic and oleanolic acid were the most abundant wax components (52 and 60%, respectively), followed by the C29, the C31 and the C33 n-alkanes. The predominant components of S. campanulata were n-alcohols (35%), with octacosanol and triacontanol as the most abundant ones, while K. africana is distinguished from these three members by the conspicuous absence of triterpenoic acids and the predominance of n-alkanes (70%) with hentriacontane and tritriacontane as the main representatives. Other notable constituents were sterols, albeit present in trace amounts. The wax profiles are discussed in terms of taxonomic characters.

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