Assessing relationships between red spruce radial growth and pollution critical load exceedance values

2016 ◽  
Vol 359 ◽  
pp. 83-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin J. Engel ◽  
Paul G. Schaberg ◽  
Gary J. Hawley ◽  
Shelly A. Rayback ◽  
Jennifer Pontius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Load ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Red Spruce ◽  
Critical Load Exceedance

Red spruce decline on Whiteface Mountain, New York. II. Relationships between apical and radial growth decline

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 1415-1421 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. LeBlanc ◽  
Dudley J. Raynal
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Red Spruce ◽  
Northeastern United States ◽  
Spruce Decline ◽  
Growth Decline ◽  
Whiteface Mountain ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Crown Dieback ◽  
The Relationship

Understanding the relationship between apical and radial growth decline can contribute toward the evaluation of hypotheses regarding causal mechanisms of red spruce decline. The etiology of red spruce decline in montane spruce-fir forests of the northeastern United States includes loss of foliage at branch apices, crown dieback, and unreversed radial growth decline since the 1960s. Demographic analyses of crown damage and radial growth decline for red spruce on Whiteface Mountain, New York, indicate that large, canopy-emergent trees with exposed crowns exhibit greater decline than codominant trees within an intact canopy. In this paper, radial growth decline is shown to have been coincident with decreased apical growth and increased incidence of injury to terminal leaders. Incidence of leader mortality is greatest for canopy-emergent red spruce or trees with exposed crowns, similar to patterns described for radial growth. This relationship suggests that the post-1960 decline of red spruce on Whiteface Mountain is caused, at least in part, by stresses that act directly on the crown.

Synchronie large-scale disturbances and red spruce growth decline

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 1361-1374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory A. Reams ◽  
Paul C. Van Deusen
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Red Spruce ◽  
Southern Appalachians ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Growth Reduction ◽  
Usda Forest Service ◽  
Tree Ring Data ◽  
Growth Decline

Tree-ring data from the USDA Forest Service Forest Inventory & Analysis and other independent sources were used to study coincidence of changes in growth and large-scale disturbances. Numerous studies report that mean radial growth of red spruce (Picearubens Sarg.) declined synchronously throughout its range in the early 1960s. We use red spruce tree-ring data from most of the major studies to show that the synchronicity of red spruce growth decline is likely the outcome of the large-scale disturbances that occurred throughout the northeastern red spruce ecosystem in the late 1930s to early 1950s. Large-scale disturbances are either not detectable or not present in the same time interval in the southern Appalachians. This appears to correspond to an absence of a 1960s radial growth reduction in this region.

Presentation of the influence of deposition uncertainties on acidity critical load exceedance across Wales

2006 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Heywood ◽  
J. Duncan Whyatt ◽  
Jane Hall ◽  
Richard Wadsworth ◽  
Trevor Page
Keyword(s):  
Critical Load ◽  
Critical Load Exceedance

Two hundred year variation of southern red spruce radial growth as estimated by spectral analysis: Comment

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 2299-2304 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.B. McLaughlin ◽  
T.J. Blasing ◽  
D.J. Downing
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Red Spruce

not available

Are Indicators for Critical Load Exceedance Related to Forest Condition?

2007 ◽  
Vol 183 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 293-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Hansen ◽  
Lars Vesterdal ◽  
Annemarie Bastrup-Birk ◽  
Jørgen Bille-Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Critical Load ◽  
Forest Condition ◽  
Critical Load Exceedance

Recovery from acidification in Nova Scotia: temporal trends and critical loads for 20 headwater lakes

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 1504-1514 ◽  
Author(s):  
C J Whitfield ◽  
J Aherne ◽  
S A Watmough ◽  
P J Dillon ◽  
T A Clair
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Critical Load ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Acid Neutralizing Capacity ◽  
Headwater Lakes ◽  
Fab Model ◽  
Neutralizing Capacity ◽  
S Deposition ◽  
Critical Load Exceedance

The chemical response of 20 headwater lakes in Nova Scotia to reduced acid deposition was investigated using trend analysis, and the need for further reductions was assessed using two steady-state, critical load models. Significant decreases were observed in the concentration of nonmarine sulphate (SO42–) and hydrogen (H+) at four wet deposition monitoring stations across Atlantic Canada since 1984. Dominant trends in surface water were decreasing SO42– concentrations, with little improvement in alkalinity and H+. Based on the Steady State Water Chemistry (SSWC) and First-order Acidity Balance (FAB) models, and using a critical chemical limit for acid-neutralizing capacity of 20 µmolc·L–1, critical load is exceeded at 9 and 13 of the 20 study lakes, respectively. Application of the SSWC model suggests that sulphur (S) deposition must be reduced by 37.3 mmolc·m–2·year–1 from 1997 levels to prevent critical load exceedance at 95% of the study lakes. Using the FAB model, the minimum reductions in nitrogen and S deposition necessary to protect 95% of the study lakes are 32.7 and 42.1 mmolc·m–2·year–1, respectively. Additional reductions beyond those proposed for 2030 are required to minimize critical load exceedance and promote recovery in alkalinity and pH of surface waters at the study catchments.

Two hundred year variation of southern red spruce radial growth as estimated by spectral analysis

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory A. Reams ◽  
N.S. Nicholas ◽  
S.M. Zedaker
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Local Maximum ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Red Spruce ◽  
Tree Ring Data ◽  
Sine And Cosine Functions ◽  
Cosine Functions

Spectral analysis was applied to high-elevation (≥1800 m) old-growth (≥200 years) red spruce (Picearubens Sarg.) tree-ring data from eight plots on Clingmans Dome, North Carolina. Low-frequency sine and cosine functions with wavelengths greater than or equal to 10 years accounted for between 76 and 90% of the variation in mean ring widths for all eight sites analyzed. Mean radial growth has increased and decreased no less than nine times over the last 200 years, with no evidence of constant radial growth for extended periods of time. Since the mid-1960s, radial growth has decreased and increased twice and is currently increasing through 1986, the last year of sampling. Growth in 1976 was equal to or greater than pre-1965 levels. A local maximum (mid-1960s) of the periodic cycles in radial growth coincides with the reported downturn in radial growth of red spruce at other locations in the southern Appalachians. Verification of historical growth periodicities can best be evaluated through continual monitoring of trees from a greater number of sites.

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