scholarly journals Factors affecting winter damage and recovery of newly planted Norway spruce seedlings in boreal forests

2022 ◽  
Vol 503 ◽  
pp. 119759
Author(s):  
Jaana Luoranen ◽  
Johanna Riikonen ◽  
Timo Saksa
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Factors Affecting

scholarly journals Sensitivity of managed boreal forests in Finland to climate change, with implications for adaptive management

2007 ◽  
Vol 363 (1501) ◽  
pp. 2339-2349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seppo Kellomäki ◽  
Heli Peltola ◽  
Tuula Nuutinen ◽  
Kari T Korhonen ◽  
Harri Strandman
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Forest Growth ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
The North ◽  
Northern Forests ◽  
Climate Change Model

This study investigated the sensitivity of managed boreal forests to climate change, with consequent needs to adapt the management to climate change. Model simulations representing the Finnish territory between 60 and 70° N showed that climate change may substantially change the dynamics of managed boreal forests in northern Europe. This is especially probable at the northern and southern edges of this forest zone. In the north, forest growth may increase, but the special features of northern forests may be diminished. In the south, climate change may create a suboptimal environment for Norway spruce. Dominance of Scots pine may increase on less fertile sites currently occupied by Norway spruce. Birches may compete with Scots pine even in these sites and the dominance of birches may increase. These changes may reduce the total forest growth locally but, over the whole of Finland, total forest growth may increase by 44%, with an increase of 82% in the potential cutting drain. The choice of appropriate species and reduced rotation length may sustain the productivity of forest land under climate change.

Identifying factors affecting plantation performance in boreal forests of Ontario

New Forests ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bijan Payandeh ◽  
James E. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Factors Affecting

Wood-inhabiting cryptogams on dead Norway spruce (Picea abies) trees in managed Swedish boreal forests

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Kruys ◽  
Clas Fries ◽  
Bengt Gunnar Jonsson ◽  
Tomas Lämås ◽  
Göran Ståhl
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Managed Forests ◽  
Red Lists ◽  
Dead Trees ◽  
Utilization Patterns ◽  
Specific Species

We surveyed the quantity and quality of dead Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) trees and wood-inhabiting cryptogams in a managed boreal forest landscape in northern Sweden. Size and decay of dead trees was related to substrate utilization by wood-inhabiting species. Coarse woody debris (CWD) was surveyed along 34 strip transects. CWD and wood-inhabiting cryptogams were surveyed in eight circular plots at each site. A total of 6195 spruce CWD units occurred along strip transects and 809 spruce CWD units in circular plots. On average 2.2 m3/ha spruce CWD was found on the plots. The majority (63%) of the transect CWD units were <10 cm diameter and in early to intermediate decay stages. Sixty-eight wood-specific species of fungi, lichens, mosses, and hepatics occurred on the plots. Of these, 13 occurred on [Formula: see text]5% of the 809 CWD units surveyed for wood-inhabiting species. Eight species occur on the Swedish red lists, indicating that such species are indeed uncommon in managed forests. Red-listed species showed strong preferences for large diameter CWD and CWD in late decay stages, i.e., substrates that are poorly represented in managed forests. Frequently occurring species, however, showed utilization patterns that correspond with the distribution of the substrate types.

Biomass expansion factors (BEFs) for Scots pine, Norway spruce and birch according to stand age for boreal forests

2004 ◽  
Vol 188 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 211-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Lehtonen ◽  
R Mäkipää ◽  
J Heikkinen ◽  
R Sievänen ◽  
J Liski
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Biomass Expansion Factors

scholarly journals Regional risks of wind damage in boreal forests under changing management and climate projections

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 1632-1645 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.-P. Ikonen ◽  
A. Kilpeläinen ◽  
A. Zubizarreta-Gerendiain ◽  
H. Strandman ◽  
A. Asikainen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Wind Damage ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
The South ◽  
Growing Stock

We employed simulations by forest ecosystem (SIMA) and mechanistic wind damage (HWIND) models in upland boreal forests throughout Finland to study regional risks of wind damage under changing management preferences and climates (current and RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios) over 2010–2099. We used a critical wind speed for the uprooting of trees as a measure of vulnerability, which together with the probability of such wind speed defined a level of risk. Based on that, we also predicted the stem volume of growing stock at risk and the amount of damage. In this work, medium fertility sites were planted to one of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.), or silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) or to the tree species that was dominant before the final clear-felling. The vulnerability to wind damage, the volume of growing stock at risk, and the amount of damage all increased, increasing the most in the south when the proportion of Norway spruce (with shallow rooting) of the growing stock increased. Under a severe climate warming, the proportion of Norway spruce decreased the most in the south, opposite to that of birch. This decreased the risk of damage in autumn (when birch is leafless), unlike in summer. The low risk of damage in the north was due to the large proportion of Scots pine.

Spruce resins constitute a strong sink for methane (CH4)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katerina Machacova ◽  
Thomas Schindler ◽  
Ülo Mander ◽  
Kaido Soosaar
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Temperate Zone ◽  
Exchange Potential ◽  
Potential Control ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Roof Experiment

&lt;p&gt;Woody plants are known to emit methane (CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;) as an important greenhouse gas into the atmosphere. Recent studies show that tree stems might be also sinks for CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;; however, the mechanisms of CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; uptake and its fate are unknown. Norway spruce (&lt;em&gt;Picea abies)&lt;/em&gt; is characterised as negligible CH&lt;sub&gt;4 &lt;/sub&gt;source in boreal forests. Even though spruce trees have been widely planted for its wood in large-scale monocultures in European temperate forests, no studies have focused on their CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; exchange potential in the temperate zone.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We determined stems of Norway spruce growing in a temperate zone aiming to find out whether the tree stems exchange CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; with the atmosphere and how they contribute to the forest trace gas exchange.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The measurements were performed at the experimental station of the &amp;#8216;Kranzberg Forest Roof Experiment&amp;#8217; near Freising, Germany, in June 2019. Fluxes of CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; in mature tree stems were measured using non-steady-state stem chamber systems (n=32) installed in stem vertical profile approx. two weeks prior to measurements using a portable greenhouse gas analyser. Moreover, resins sampled from spruce stems were investigated for their CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; exchange potential. Control measurements were performed to ensure that the fluxes do not originate from used chamber materials, in particular silicones used for chamber installation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Our preliminary results show that the spruce stems can be a strong sink for CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; (-0.288 &amp;#177; 0.053 mg CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; m&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; stem area h&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;, mean &amp;#177; s.e.), even if a small amount of resin is present on the bark. The stems exuded resins to different extent (covering 4.8 &amp;#177; 1.3% of the stem surface area in chambers), partly as a result of smoothening of rough surface layers of dead bark for chamber installation. However, even spruce stems without obvious &amp;#8220;injuries&amp;#8221; released small amounts of resins for unknown reasons (response to drought, bark-beetle attack, etc.?). The incubated resin samples consistently consumed CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; (-12.0 &amp;#177; 1.7 mg CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; m&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; resin area h&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;). Moreover, the detected stem CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; uptake negatively correlated with the resin occurrence in the stem chambers (R&amp;#178; = 0.884). After re-calculation of the stem fluxes to resin area, the CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; consumption rates of stems and resin samples were in the same order of magnitude at median level (-13.2 and -12.0 mg CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; m&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; resin area h&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;, resp.).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Concluded, the spruce resins appear to be a very strong and until now undiscovered sink for CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;. Even one small droplet of resins on bark can turn the known negligible CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; exchange of intact spruce stems into strong CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; sinks, having thus severe impact on the overall forest CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; balance. This consumption potential of fresh resins should be considered by estimation of forest ecosystem CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; balance especially in areas, where resin bleeding is widely spread or is to be expected (bark-beetle areas, drought events, tree harvest, clear-cutting).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Acknowledgement&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;This research was supported by the Czech Science Foundation (17-18112Y) and National Sustainability Program I (LO1415). We thank Prof. Thorsten Grams for all his kind support, and Jan Hrdli&amp;#269;ka and Thomas Feuerbach for their technical support.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Carbon Pools in a Hemiboreal Over-Mature Norway Spruce Stands

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Ķēniņa ◽  
Didzis Elferts ◽  
Endijs Bāders ◽  
Āris Jansons
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Carbon Pool ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Tree Biomass ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Site Types

Old unmanaged forests are commonly assumed to be carbon neutral; however, there is still a lack of reference studies available to increase the recognition of carbon stock changes in these forests. Studies of old forest carbon storage from hemiboreal regions are very rare compared to temperate and boreal forests in Europe; therefore, the aim of this study was to quantify the carbon stock in hemiboreal over-mature (167–213 years) Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) stands. To explore the total ecosystem carbon pool, the carbon stock of tree biomass, deadwood, and soil in unmanaged (for at least the last 40 years) spruce stands was calculated and compared between different forest site types on dry, wet, and drained mineral soils. Total carbon stock of hemiboreal over-mature spruce stands ranged from 164.8 Mg C ha−1 to 386.7 Mg C ha−1, and 238.5 Mg C ha−1 on average, with no significant differences (p > 0.05) between the forest site types. The carbon stock of tree biomass was significantly affected by the basal area of the upper tree layer (p < 0.0001) and the interaction between the forest site type and proportion of spruce in the stand composition (p = 0.002). Tree biomass was the dominant carbon pool, followed by soil and deadwood in over-mature spruce stands.

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