scholarly journals Characterization of Marcellus Shale and Huntersville Chert before and after exposure to hydraulic fracturing fluid via feature relocation using field-emission scanning electron microscopy

Fuel ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 182 ◽  
pp. 227-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Dieterich ◽  
Barbara Kutchko ◽  
Angela Goodman
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Hydraulic Fracturing ◽  
Field Emission ◽  
Marcellus Shale ◽  
Fracturing Fluid ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Hydraulic Fracturing Fluid

Characterization of coal before and after supercritical CO 2 exposure via feature relocation using field-emission scanning electron microscopy

Fuel ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 107 ◽  
pp. 777-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara G. Kutchko ◽  
Angela L. Goodman ◽  
Eilis Rosenbaum ◽  
Sittichai Natesakhawat ◽  
Keith Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Field Emission ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Scanning Electron

scholarly journals Characterization of Morphology and Composition of Inorganic Fillers in Dental Alginates

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Danil Guiraldo ◽  
Sandrine Bittencourt Berger ◽  
Rafael Leonardo Xediek Consani ◽  
Simonides Consani ◽  
Rodrigo Varella de Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Particle Morphology ◽  
Inorganic Filler ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Filler Fraction ◽  
Inorganic Fillers ◽  
Scanning Electron

Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy microanalysis (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Archimedes’ Principle were used to determine the characteristics of inorganic filler particles in five dental alginates, including Cavex ColorChange (C), Hydrogum 5 (H5), Hydrogum (H), Orthoprint (O), and Jeltrate Plus (JP). The different alginate powders (0.5 mg) were fixed on plastic stubs(n=5)and sputter coated with carbon for EDX analysis, then coated with gold, and observed using SEM. Volume fractions were determined by weighing a sample of each material in water before and after calcining at 450°C for 3 h. The alginate materials were mainly composed of silicon (Si) by weight (C—81.59%, H—79.89%, O—78.87%, H5—77.95%, JP—66.88%, wt). The filler fractions in volume (vt) were as follows: H5—84.85%, JP—74.76%, H—70.03%, O—68.31%, and C—56.10%. The tested materials demonstrated important differences in the inorganic elemental composition, filler fraction, and particle morphology.

Visualization of Extracellular Deposits in Recent and Subfossil Umbilicaria Hyperborea

1997 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 547-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dianne Fahselt ◽  
Vagn Alstrup
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Field Emission ◽  
Surface Features ◽  
Acetone Extraction ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Hyphal Diameter ◽  
Outside Diameter ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractField emission scanning electron microscopy was used to characterize mycobiont wall surfaces in Umbilicaria hyperborean from Greenland. To determine the precise intrathalline distribution of phenolics, comparisons were made of hyphal surface features and dimensions before and after acetone extraction. Stratification was evident within the medulla, as extracellular phenolics were observed only on hyphae near or within the algal zone. The outside diameter of hyphae in this region was thus significantly greater than in the remainder of the medulla. Surface deposits were also examined in 1350-year-old subfossil thalli and hyphal diameters were compared statistically to those in extant thalli. The mean hyphal diameter in the upper medulla was not significantly less in subfossil specimens than in recent thalli, suggesting that phenolic cover was maintained in spite of glaciation. However, after ice burial phenolic masses tended to be flatter than in recent specimens and finely tubcrculate. The appearance of mycobiont hyphae in the cortex of subfossil thalli seemed to be the same as in extant thalli, except that there tended to be more compressible, smaller and less conglutinated filaments near the algal layer.

A New Image Processing Technique for STEM

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 432-433
Author(s):  
Yasushi Kokubo ◽  
Hirotami Koike ◽  
Teruo Someya
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Image Processing ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Elastic Scattering ◽  
Field Emission ◽  
Processing Technique ◽  
Image Processing Technique ◽  
Energy Analyzer ◽  
Scanning Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron

One of the advantages of scanning electron microscopy is the capability for processing the image contrast, i.e., the image processing technique. Crewe et al were the first to apply this technique to a field emission scanning microscope and show images of individual atoms. They obtained a contrast which depended exclusively on the atomic numbers of specimen elements (Zcontrast), by displaying the images treated with the intensity ratio of elastically scattered to inelastically scattered electrons. The elastic scattering electrons were extracted by a solid detector and inelastic scattering electrons by an energy analyzer. We noted, however, that there is a possibility of the same contrast being obtained only by using an annular-type solid detector consisting of multiple concentric detector elements.

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