A New Image Processing Technique for STEM

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 432-433
Author(s):  
Yasushi Kokubo ◽  
Hirotami Koike ◽  
Teruo Someya
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Image Processing ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Elastic Scattering ◽  
Field Emission ◽  
Processing Technique ◽  
Image Processing Technique ◽  
Energy Analyzer ◽  
Scanning Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron

One of the advantages of scanning electron microscopy is the capability for processing the image contrast, i.e., the image processing technique. Crewe et al were the first to apply this technique to a field emission scanning microscope and show images of individual atoms. They obtained a contrast which depended exclusively on the atomic numbers of specimen elements (Zcontrast), by displaying the images treated with the intensity ratio of elastically scattered to inelastically scattered electrons. The elastic scattering electrons were extracted by a solid detector and inelastic scattering electrons by an energy analyzer. We noted, however, that there is a possibility of the same contrast being obtained only by using an annular-type solid detector consisting of multiple concentric detector elements.

scholarly journals Application of Photogrammetric 3D Reconstruction to Scanning Electron Microscopy: Considerations for Volume Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
William D. A. Rickard ◽  
Jéssica Fernanda Ramos Coelho ◽  
Joshua Hollick ◽  
Susannah Soon ◽  
Andrew Woods
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
3D Reconstruction ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Processing Technique ◽  
Image Processing Technique ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Scanning Electron

Photogrammetric three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction is an image processing technique used to develop digital 3D models from a series of two-dimensional images. This technique is commonly applied to optical photography though it can also be applied to microscopic imaging techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The authors propose a method for the application of photogrammetry techniques to SEM micrographs in order to develop 3D models suitable for volumetric analysis. SEM operating parameters for image acquisition are explored and the relative effects discussed. This study considered a variety of microscopic samples, differing in size, geometry and composition, and found that optimal operating parameters vary with sample geometry. Evaluation of reconstructed 3D models suggests that the quality of the models strongly determines the accuracy of the volumetric measurements obtainable. In particular, they report on volumetric results achieved from a laser ablation pit and discuss considerations for data acquisition routines.

Evaluating Clay Microfabric Using Scanning Electron Microscopy and Digital Information Processing

1996 ◽  
Vol 1526 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dayakar Penumadu
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Image Processing ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
Gradient Analysis ◽  
Surface Preparation ◽  
Image Processing Technique ◽  
Scanning Electron Micrographs ◽  
Intensity Gradient ◽  
Scanning Electron

Several aspects related to the qualitative and quantitative evaluation of clay microfabric are presented. A digital image processing technique called “intensity gradient analysis” is used in evaluating clay microfabric from scanning electron micrographs. Details are given of three computer programs (histogram.c, average.c and ellipse.c) that provide for the quantitative analysis of the orientation of clay particles. The important aspects related to sample and surface preparation, digital image acquisition, and analysis are explained. Two natural clays, Pennsylvanian fire clay and Pleistocene varved glacial lake clay, considered in the analysis show well-defined preferred and random fabric. The polar histograms of the intensity gradient analysis for the two clays are compared at varying magnifications, and conclusions were drawn. The output data was conveniently reduced to a few parameters that indicate the strength and magnitude of a given orientation. The concept of fabric index is used to quantitatively describe the preferential or randomness of clay microfabric. A simple scheme is proposed by which clay microfabric is classified as preferred when the fabric index is less than a value of 0.75 and random otherwise. The advantages of the signal intensity gradient method are that it is based on intensity changes rather than absolute values, the rosette diagrams of several micrographs can simply be added to get an overall idea, and it provides a common frame of reference for description of microfabric. The disadvantages are that it requires careful surface preparation, and the technique is valid for linear features. With the advent of inexpensive and powerful image processing tools, the technique has the potential to become a routine tool for the orientation analysis of clay micrographs seen in scanning electron microscopy.

Application of Photogrammetric 3D Reconstruction to Scanning Electron Microscopy: Considerations for Volume Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (18) ◽  
pp. 60404-1-60404-9
Author(s):  
William D. A. Rickard ◽  
Jéssica Fernanda Ramos Coelho ◽  
Joshua Hollick ◽  
Susannah Soon ◽  
Andrew Woods
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
3D Reconstruction ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Processing Technique ◽  
Image Processing Technique ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Scanning Electron

Photogrammetric three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction is an image processing technique used to develop digital 3D models from a series of two-dimensional images. This technique is commonly applied to optical photography though it can also be applied to microscopic imaging techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The authors propose a method for the application of photogrammetry techniques to SEM micrographs in order to develop 3D models suitable for volumetric analysis. SEM operating parameters for image acquisition are explored and the relative effects discussed. This study considered a variety of microscopic samples, differing in size, geometry and composition, and found that optimal operating parameters vary with sample geometry. Evaluation of reconstructed 3D models suggests that the quality of the models strongly determines the accuracy of the volumetric measurements obtainable. In particular, they report on volumetric results achieved from a laser ablation pit and discuss considerations for data acquisition routines.

scholarly journals A Review on Enhancing the Antibacterial Activity of ZnO: Mechanisms and Microscopic Investigation

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Buzuayehu Abebe ◽  
Enyew Amare Zereffa ◽  
Aschalew Tadesse ◽  
H. C. Ananda Murthy
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Field Emission ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Electronic Configuration ◽  
Microscopic Investigation ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Active Materials ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract Metal oxide nanomaterials are one of the preferences as antibacterial active materials. Due to its distinctive electronic configuration and suitable properties, ZnO is one of the novel antibacterial active materials. Nowadays, researchers are making a serious effort to improve the antibacterial activities of ZnO by forming a composite with the same/different bandgap semiconductor materials and doping of ions. Applying capping agents such as polymers and plant extract that control the morphology and size of the nanomaterials and optimizing different conditions also enhance the antibacterial activity. Forming a nanocomposite and doping reduces the electron/hole recombination, increases the surface area to volume ratio, and also improves the stability towards dissolution and corrosion. The release of antimicrobial ions, electrostatic interaction, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generations are the crucial antibacterial activity mechanism. This review also presents a detailed discussion of the antibacterial activity improvement of ZnO by forming a composite, doping, and optimizing different conditions. The morphological analysis using scanning electron microscopy, field emission-scanning electron microscopy, field-emission transmission electron microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, and confocal microscopy can confirm the antibacterial activity and also supports for developing a satisfactory mechanism. Graphical abstract Graphical abstract showing the metal oxides antibacterial mechanism and the fluorescence and scanning electron microscopic images.

scholarly journals Clay-Based Brick Porosity Estimation Using Image Processing Techniques

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 1226-1234
Author(s):  
Safa Jida ◽  
Hassan Ouallal ◽  
Brahim Aksasse ◽  
Mohammed Ouanan ◽  
Mohamed El Amraoui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Image Processing ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Computer Vision ◽  
Image Processing Techniques ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
Porosity Estimation ◽  
Microscopy Images ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract This work intends to apprehend and emphasize the contribution of image-processing techniques and computer vision in the treatment of clay-based material known in Meknes region. One of the various characteristics used to describe clay in a qualitative manner is porosity, as it is considered one of the properties that with “kill or cure” effectiveness. For this purpose, we use scanning electron microscopy images, as they are considered the most powerful tool for characterising the quality of the microscopic pore structure of porous materials. We present various existing methods of segmentation, as we are interested only in pore regions. The results show good matching between physical estimation and Voronoi diagram-based porosity estimation.

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