In-depth analysis of burning process of binary blended fuel pool fires based on liquid–vapor equilibria

Fuel ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 256 ◽  
pp. 115918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuehui Wang ◽  
Qinpei Chen ◽  
Tiannian Zhou ◽  
Haihang Li ◽  
Chao Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pool Fires ◽  
Burning Process ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Blended Fuel ◽  
Liquid Vapor

Experimental study on combustion characteristics of blended fuel pool fires

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 236-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuehui Wang ◽  
Tiannian Zhou ◽  
Qinpei Chen ◽  
Junjiang He ◽  
Zheng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Component ◽  
Combustion Characteristics ◽  
Boiling Temperature ◽  
Flame Height ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Pool Fires ◽  
Burning Process ◽  
Fuel Blends ◽  
Axial Temperature ◽  
Blended Fuel

Liquid–vapor phase equilibrium theories are used to analyze boiling processes of blended fuel pool fires, and the results show that there are two boiling mechanisms (azeotropism and non-azeotropism) for blended fuels compared with single-component fuels. A series of pool fire experiments were conducted to investigate the combustion characteristics of blended fuel pool fires. The experimental results showed that the two boiling mechanisms have different effects on the burning process of the fuel blends. The boiling temperature and composition varied for the non-azeotropic blends during the burning process and remained steady for azeotropic blends. Furthermore, the boiling temperature of azeotropic blends is lower than that of its components and ranges from a specific temperature to the boiling point of the less volatile component. The flame radiant fraction of the azeotropic blend was also relatively constant during the burning process, whereas that of the non-azeotropic blend varied in different stages of the burning process. Heskestad’s flame height model and flame axial temperature distribution model are applicable for pool fires of azeotropic and non-azeotropic blends.

Burning Characteristics of Azeotropic Binary Blended Fuel Pool Fire

2018 ◽  
Vol 775 ◽  
pp. 365-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Hui Wang ◽  
Tian Nian Zhou ◽  
Q.P. Chen ◽  
Jin Fei Zhao ◽  
Chao Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burning Rate ◽  
Binary Mixtures ◽  
Pool Fires ◽  
Fuel Temperature ◽  
Flame Radiation ◽  
Burning Process ◽  
Proportional Relation ◽  
Result Show ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Blended Fuel

A series of experiments were conducted to investigate the burning characteristics of blended fuel pool fires. The azeotropic binary mixtures blended by ethanol and n-Heptane were selected as blended fuel in experiment. The fuel temperature, fire behaviors, burning rate and flame radiation were recorded in experiments. The result show that azeotropism play an important role in the burning process, the fuel temperature was decrease and the burning rate was increased. The flame radiant fraction of azeotrope has proportional relation with the radiation faction of component.

TEM/AEM characterization of fine-grained clay minerals in very-low-grade rocks: Evaluation of contamination by empa involving celadonite family minerals

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 694-695
Author(s):  
Gejing Li ◽  
D. R. Peacor ◽  
D. S. Coombs ◽  
Y. Kawachi
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Analytical Electron Microscopy ◽  
Metamorphic Rocks ◽  
New Mineral ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Mineral Aggregates

Recent advances in transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and analytical electron microscopy (AEM) have led to many new insights into the structural and chemical characteristics of very finegrained, optically homogeneous mineral aggregates in sedimentary and very low-grade metamorphic rocks. Chemical compositions obtained by electron microprobe analysis (EMPA) on such materials have been shown by TEM/AEM to result from beam overlap on contaminant phases on a scale below resolution of EMPA, which in turn can lead to errors in interpretation and determination of formation conditions. Here we present an in-depth analysis of the relation between AEM and EMPA data, which leads also to the definition of new mineral phases, and demonstrate the resolution power of AEM relative to EMPA in investigations of very fine-grained mineral aggregates in sedimentary and very low-grade metamorphic rocks.Celadonite, having end-member composition KMgFe3+Si4O10(OH)2, and with minor substitution of Fe2+ for Mg and Al for Fe3+ on octahedral sites, is a fine-grained mica widespread in volcanic rocks and volcaniclastic sediments which have undergone low-temperature alteration in the oceanic crust and in burial metamorphic sequences.

Doping effects on the geometric and electronic structure of tin clusters

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (44) ◽  
pp. 24478-24488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Gleditzsch ◽  
Marc Jäger ◽  
Lukáš F. Pašteka ◽  
Armin Shayeghi ◽  
Rolf Schäfer
Keyword(s):  
Density Functional Theory ◽  
Electronic Structure ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Beam Deflection ◽  
Functional Theory ◽  
Doping Effects ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Trajectory Simulations

In depth analysis of doping effects on the geometric and electronic structure of tin clusters via electric beam deflection, numerical trajectory simulations and density functional theory.

Delay Discounting in Impulsive Behavior

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 312-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Moreira ◽  
Fernando Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Delay Discounting ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Cochrane Collaboration ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Impulsive Behavior ◽  
Manual Search ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
The Future

Abstract. Delay discounting (DD) is the process of devaluing results that happen in the future. With this review, we intend to identify specificities in the processes of DD in impulsive behavior. Studies were retrieved from multiple literature databases, through rigorous criteria (we included systematic reviews and empirical studies with adult human subjects), following the procedures of the Cochrane Collaboration initiative. Of the 174 documents obtained, 19 were considered eligible for inclusion and were retained for in-depth analysis. In addition, 13 studies from the manual search were included. Thus, a total of 32 studies were selected for review. The objectives/hypotheses, results, and the main conclusion(s) were extracted from each study. Results show that people with pronounced traits of impulsivity discount rewards more markedly, that is, they prefer immediate rewards, though of less value, or postponed losses, even though they worsen in the future. Taken together, the existing data suggest the importance of inserting DD as a tool for initial assessment in conjunction with measures of addiction and stress level, as well as the consideration of new therapies.

No Depth Analysis for Freud

1958 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 145-148
Author(s):  
ROBERT R. HOLT
Keyword(s):  
Depth Analysis

Fiscal rules: Excessive limitation or indispensable instrument of fiscal sustainability?

2016 ◽  
pp. 5-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Gurvich ◽  
I. Sokolov
Keyword(s):  
Historical Data ◽  
Federal Budget ◽  
Fiscal Sustainability ◽  
Fiscal Rules ◽  
External Shocks ◽  
Base Price ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Fiscal Balance ◽  
Lower Size ◽  
Budget Expenditure

In-depth analysis of international and Russia’s experiences with implementing fiscal rules is presented. Theoretical and empirical evidences are suggested in favor of retaining the present fiscal rules with some modifications aimed at ensuring: a) a relatively stable level of federal budget expenditure with guaranteed full execution of all commitments; b) countercyclical fiscal policy, based on flexibleand proper reaction to revenue changes; and c) robustness of fiscal rules to internal and external shocks. The main new features suggested include modified calculation of the oil base price, different measurement of cyclical fiscal revenues, lower size of structural fiscal balance, and thorough specification of sources for each item of the balance. The modified rules envisage increased flexibility by relaxing to a pre-set extent and for a pre-set time spending limits in response to extreme shocks. The suggested version of fiscal rules has been tested by application to historical data for 2005-2015, and macro projections for 2015-2025.

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