Catalytic pyrolysis oil (CPO) was produced from lignin using the ex-situ mechanism and nanoporous HZSM-5 (SiO2/Al2O3 = 50) as a catalyst. The oil contained phenolics, esters, acids, and benzene derivatives as the major constituents. The emulsification
of CPO in diesel was tested with several emulsifier combinations such as Span 80 and Tween 60, Span 80 and Atlox 4916, and Atlox 4916 and Zephrym PD3315 in the HLB range of 5.8–7.3. The HLB value of 5.8 using the combination of Span 80 and Atlox 4916 and the CPO:emulsifier:diesel ratio
of 5:2:93 (wt%), provided a stable emulsion for 10 days. The physiochemical properties of that emulsion were comparable to diesel. Hence, emulsions of CPO and diesel can potentially be used as a diesel engine fuel.
Jet fuel production from waste plastics via catalytic pyrolysis with activated carbons