Functional complexity explains the depth-dependent response of organic matter to liming at the nanometer scale

Geoderma ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 408 ◽  
pp. 115560
Author(s):  
Yang Li ◽  
Marta Camps-Arbestain ◽  
Catherine P. Whitby ◽  
Tao Wang ◽  
Carsten W. Mueller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Nanometer Scale ◽  
Functional Complexity

Organic Matter Pore Characterization in Lacustrine Shales with Variable Maturity Using Nanometer-Scale Resolution X-ray Computed Tomography

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 2669-2680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fujie Jiang ◽  
Jian Chen ◽  
Ziyang Xu ◽  
Zhifang Wang ◽  
Tao Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Nanometer Scale ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pore Characterization ◽  
X Ray Computed

scholarly journals Nannobacteria, Organic Matter, and Precipitation in Hot Springs, Viterbo, Italy: Distinctions and Relevance

2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 58-61
Author(s):  
B. L. Kirkland ◽  
F. L. Lynch ◽  
R. L. Folk ◽  
A.M. Lawrence ◽  
M.E. Corley
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Nanometer Scale ◽  
Form Of Life ◽  
The Past ◽  
Heated Debate ◽  
Spherical Structures ◽  
The 19Th Century

Tiny (50-200 nm) spheroids were first discovered by Folk through SEM work on the hot springs of Viterbo Italy. He termed these small, spherical structures “nannobacteria,” and proposed that they may be important agents in precipitation of CaCO3, as needle-like crystals of the mineral aragonite, and as bundles of such needle-like crystals (termed “fuzzy dumbbells”), or as elongated crystals of the mineral calcite.During the past 15 years, nanometer-scale spheroids have been discovered in the geological, medical, and astronomical worlds. There can be no doubt as to their existence, but their significance and origin remain a subject of continuing controversy. Even the spelling (“nanno-“), which has been the standard in biology, geology, and paleontology going back to the 19th century, has been questioned. Whether or not they are truly bacteria or any form of life has been a subject of heated debate.

Mechanical properties of organic matter in shales mapped at the nanometer scale

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 294-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moshe Eliyahu ◽  
Simon Emmanuel ◽  
Ruarri J. Day-Stirrat ◽  
Calum I. Macaulay
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Nanometer Scale

Imaging-Based Characterization of Calcite-Filled Fractures and Porosity in Shales

SPE Journal ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (04) ◽  
pp. 810-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bolivia Vega ◽  
Cynthia M. Ross ◽  
Anthony R. Kovscek
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Compositional Data ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Open Fractures ◽  
Nanometer Scale ◽  
Matrix Interface ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Shale Sample

Summary Gas- and liquid-rich shales exhibit structural and compositional features across a broad range of length scales from meters to nanometers. This laboratory characterization effort of a shale sample aids hydrocarbon resource and reserves estimation, and improves understanding of flow behavior including potential geological carbon dioxide storage. Multiscale laboratory-imaging techniques were applied to characterize pore and microfracture structure of a Barnett Shale sample including connectivity and heterogeneity. X-ray computed tomography (CT) illuminated the krypton (Kr)-accessible porosity of centimeter-sized shale cores. Transmission X-ray microscopy (TXM) imaged micrometer-sized shale samples, and high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed pore, fracture, and textural features. Registration of 190 μm resolution CT images with micrometer to nanometer resolution TXM and SEM images improved physical understanding of transport through organic-rich shale. Results focus on calcite-filled fractures and the calcite/shale-matrix interface as well as the distribution of micrometer- and nanometer-scale porosity. Fractures are likely both natural and induced. For the sample studied, pore accessibility determined by CT imaging corresponds with open microfractures that cross calcite-filled fractures and adjacent shale matrix. Such observations are made with corresponding micrometer- to nanometer-scale SEM images as well as compositional data. Taken together, these data indicate that calcite-filled fractures in this core act as a barrier to flow parallel to bedding except where breached by numerous open fractures. In contrast, these filled fractures enhance vertical flow, that is, flow between laminations. A region containing porosity and organic matter (with dimensions of tens to hundreds of nanometers) determined by 3D nanocharacterization with TXM and focused ion beam/SEM at the filled-fracture/shale-matrix interface facilitates this observed gas transport along the wall of the fracture fill. Areas adjacent to calcite-filled fractures and carbonaceous laminations within the shale matrix of the study sample are most readily accessed by Kr and may therefore be more readily produced than comparatively clay-rich laminations. The numerous open fractures and sheet pores within the calcite fracture fill, as well as the inherent weakness of the porosity and organic matter at the fracture-fill/shale-matrix interface, are indicative of its susceptibility to reopening and fracturing.

scholarly journals Organo–organic and organo–mineral interfaces in soil at the nanometer scale

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela R. Possinger ◽  
Michael J. Zachman ◽  
Akio Enders ◽  
Barnaby D. A. Levin ◽  
David A. Muller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
C Sequestration ◽  
Nanometer Scale ◽  
Single Digit ◽  
Cryo Electron Microscopy ◽  
Organic Interfaces ◽  
N Enrichment ◽  
Mineral Interfaces ◽  
Micrometer Size ◽  
Electron Energy Loss

AbstractThe capacity of soil as a carbon (C) sink is mediated by interactions between organic matter and mineral phases. However, previously proposed layered accumulation of organic matter within aggregate organo–mineral microstructures has not yet been confirmed by direct visualization at the necessary nanometer-scale spatial resolution. Here, we identify disordered micrometer-size organic phases rather than previously reported ordered gradients in C functional groups. Using cryo-electron microscopy with electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), we show organo–organic interfaces in contrast to exclusively organo–mineral interfaces. Single-digit nanometer-size layers of C forms were detected at the organo–organic interface, showing alkyl C and nitrogen (N) enrichment (by 4 and 7%, respectively). At the organo–mineral interface, 88% (72–92%) and 33% (16–53%) enrichment of N and oxidized C, respectively, indicate different stabilization processes than at organo–organic interfaces. However, N enrichment at both interface types points towards the importance of N-rich residues for greater C sequestration.

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