Holocene debris-flow deposits and their implications on the climate in the upper Jinsha River valley, China

Geomorphology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 93 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 493-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Chen ◽  
Fuchu Dai ◽  
Xin Yao
Keyword(s):  
Debris Flow ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Jinsha River

Modeling debris flow triggered by snow melting in the Barsemdara river valley, Tajikistan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktoriia Kurovskaia ◽  
Sergey Chernomorets ◽  
Tatyana Vinogradova ◽  
Inna Krylenko
Keyword(s):  
Debris Flow ◽  
Debris Flows ◽  
Human Life ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Viscoplastic Fluid ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Subsequent Formation ◽  
Hazard Level ◽  
Output Information

<p>Debris flow is one of the most hazardous events that occur in all mountain regions.  Direct debris flow damage includes loss of human life, destruction of houses and facilities, damage to roads, rail lines and pipelines, vehicle accidents, and many other losses that are difficult to quantify. In July 2015, in the valley of the Barsemdara River (Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region, Tajikistan), plenty of debris flows were observed. As a result, residential areas, social facilities, and infrastructure in Barsem village and neighboring settlements were destroyed and flooded. Besides, debris flow deposits blocked the Gunt River with the subsequent formation of a dammed lake with a maximum volume of 4.0 million m<sup>3</sup>. <br>The aim of this study was to obtain hydrographs of debris flow waves in the source and detailed zoning of the Barsemdara river valley. For the debris flow source, we applied transport-shift model. Equations of this model were developed by Yu.B. Vinogradov basing on Chemolgan experiments of artificial debris flows descending. Previously, the model characteristics were compared with the observational data of the Chemolgan experiments, and the results were found to be satisfactory [Vinogradova, Vinogradov, 2017]. Based on the equations, a computer program was created in the programming language Python. Besides, we improved the model by adding flow velocity calculations, and eventually it became possible to obtain hydrographs. To investigate quantitative characteristics of the debris flow in the river valley we implied a two-dimensional (2D) model called FLO-2D PRO. It is based on the numerical methods for solving the system of Saint-Venant equations. Besides, in this model, it is assumed that debris flows move like a Bingham fluid (viscoplastic fluid) [O'Brien et al., 1993]. The input information for modeling was digital elevation model (DEM) and previously obtained hydrographs. The output information included flow depth, velocity distribution and hazard level of the territory. The results of the study will be reported.</p><p>1.    Vinogradova T.A., Vinogradov A.Y. The Experimental Debris Flows in the Chemolgan River Basin // Natural Hazards. – 2017. – V. 88. – P. 189-198.<br>2.    O'Brien J. S., Julien P.Y., Fullerton W.T. Two-dimensional water flood and mudflow simulation //Journal of hydraulic engineering. – 1993. – V. 119, No 2. – P. 244-261.</p>

The origin and sources of loess-like sediment in the Jinsha River Valley, SW China

Boreas ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baotian Pan ◽  
Qingyu Guan ◽  
Hongshan Gao ◽  
Dongsheng Guan ◽  
Fenliang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Valley ◽  
Jinsha River ◽  
Sw China

scholarly journals Kolka Glacier and Genaldon River valley: yesterday, today, and

2006 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. V. Zaporozhchenko
Keyword(s):  
Rock Mass ◽  
Debris Flow ◽  
High Water ◽  
High Energy ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Natural Phenomenon ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Water Ice ◽  
North Ossetia

The biggest glacial disaster in the Russian history took place on 20 September 2002 in the mountains of North Ossetia. A huge ice-rock-water mass rushed down the Genaldon River valley with a speed of 320 km/h from the Kolka Glacier. Having covered a distance of 18.5 km, it was stopped by the narrows of the Skalistyy Range and filled the Karmadon hollow with 120 million m3 of deposits. The material moved beyond the hollow as a debris flow, which went down the valley (10 km) devastating all the constructions in the riverbed. A total of 125 people were reported dead or missing. The glacier disaster of 2002 was unexpected, though such events had already occurred in 1834 and 1902. Slow sliding up to a distance of 4.5 km was noticed in 1960–1970 without any disastrous consequences. In 2002, two months before the disaster, a series of collapses from the Dzhimaraj-Hokh slopes (more than 4000 m high) on the backside of the glacier triggered the avalanche. The last ice-mass collapse had a volume of 10 million m3. As a result, the glacier hollow formed. The material from the glacier hollow was knocked out and went down the valley with the superficial moraine. The 100–150 m high water-ice-rock mass (with air also) was moving down the 400–500 m wide valley. The area covered from the collapse zone to the narrows was 12.7 km2. The area of the ice-rock mass stopped by the “Karmadon Gates” was 2.1 km2 (3.6 km long and 135–140 m wide with an average height of 60 m). The debris flow, which went down the narrows of the Skalistyy Range, covered an area of 2.5 km2, and its total volume was about 9 million m3 with a thickness of 1 to 15 m. The flow on its way down the valley was also fed by the slope deposits and, to a greater extent, by the frontal masses of three huge ancient landslides on the left bank with a total volume of about 40 million m3. The high-energy flow undercut the toes of these landslides and displaced their material to a distance of 10–20 m. The 2002 Genaldon catastrophe is a natural phenomenon in a long chain of geological events. Such events have been repeated for many times since the last thousand years and will also be repeated in the future.

Debris flow monitoring in China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojun Guo
Keyword(s):  
Debris Flow ◽  
Debris Flows ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Western China ◽  
Flow Density ◽  
Flow Depth ◽  
Jinsha River ◽  
Flow Monitoring ◽  
Jiangjia Gully ◽  
Set Up

<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Debris flow monitoring provides valuable data for scitienfic research and early warning, however, it is of difficulty to sucessfully achive because of the great damage of debris flows and the high cost. This report introduces monitoring systems in two debris flow watersheds in western China, the Jiangjia gully (JJG) in Yunnan Province and the Ergou valley in Sichuan Province. JJG is loacted in the dry-hot valley of Jinsha River, and the derbis flows are frequent due to the semi-arid climate, deep-cut topography and highly weathered slope surface. A long-term mornitoring work has been conducted in JJG and more than 500 debris flows events has been recorded since 1965. The monitoring system consists of 10 rainfall gauges and a measuring section, with instruments to measure the flow depth and velocity; and flow density is measured through sampling the fresh debris flow body. Ergou lies in the Wenchuan earthquake affected area and the monitoring began in 2013 to investigate the characteristics and development tendency of post-earthquake debris flows. Three stations were set up in the mainstream and tributaries, with instruments to measure the flow depth, velocity, and density. Over 10 debris flow events were recorded up to date.</p><p>Based on the monitoring output, the rainfall spatial distribution and thresholds for debris flows are proposed. The debris flow dynamics characteristics are analyzed, and the relations between the parameters, e.g. density, velocity, discharge and grain compositions are presented. The debris flow formation modes and the mechanisms in different regions are discriminated and simulation methods are suggested. It is anticipated that the monitoring results will promote understanding of debris flow characteristics in the western China.</p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Debris flow, monitoring, rainfall, discharge, formation. </p>

A catastrophic glacial outburst flood (jökulhlaup) mechanism for debris flow generation at the Spiral Tunnels, Kicking Horse River basin, British Columbia

1979 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 806-813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lionel E. Jackson Jr.
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Debris Flow ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Debris Flows ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Outburst Flood ◽  
Flow Generation

Debris flows have blocked rail and highway routes in the upper Kicking Horse River valley, British Columbia, a number of times during this century. The origins of debris flows from the most troublesome tributary basin were investigated following the debris flows and floods of September 6, 1978. A jökulhlaup (catastrophic glacial outburst flood) origin was determined for the debris flows and flood of this event. An investigation of weather records prior to debris flows of 1962, 1946, and 1925 indicates a similar origin for the 1946 and 1925 events.

Hazard Assessment of Debris Flow Based on the TFSE: A Case along Jinsha River close to the Jinsha Dam Site in China

2013 ◽  
Vol 405-408 ◽  
pp. 2358-2363
Author(s):  
Bo Shan ◽  
Qing Wang ◽  
Jian Ping Chen ◽  
Hui Xiong
Keyword(s):  
Debris Flow ◽  
Hazard Assessment ◽  
Debris Flows ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Fuzzy Synthetic Evaluation ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Jinsha River ◽  
Design Storm ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Major Factors

Debris flows are common natural hazards in China. The outbreak of debris flows in reservoir region not only affects the stability of the hydropower stations dam, but also threatens the safety of human life and their property. Therefore, hazard assessment and protection of debris flows close to the dam are necessary and important. In this paper, SPOT5 remote sensing images and DEM model and scene investigation are introduced to acquire the characteristics of debris flow gullies. Ten debris flow occurrence related factors were selected. Then, on the basic of analyzing the relationship of the major factors and fuzzification of debris flow hazard degree, the model of two-stage fuzzy synthetic evaluation (TFSE) was established for hazard assessment. The debris flow risk under different designed rainstorm frequency was calculated. By the evaluation results, we can know that with the design storm intensity increases, the risk of debris flow increases, which is consistent with the actual situation.

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