Modeling debris flow triggered by snow melting in the Barsemdara river valley, Tajikistan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktoriia Kurovskaia ◽  
Sergey Chernomorets ◽  
Tatyana Vinogradova ◽  
Inna Krylenko
Keyword(s):  
Debris Flow ◽  
Debris Flows ◽  
Human Life ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Viscoplastic Fluid ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Subsequent Formation ◽  
Hazard Level ◽  
Output Information

<p>Debris flow is one of the most hazardous events that occur in all mountain regions.  Direct debris flow damage includes loss of human life, destruction of houses and facilities, damage to roads, rail lines and pipelines, vehicle accidents, and many other losses that are difficult to quantify. In July 2015, in the valley of the Barsemdara River (Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region, Tajikistan), plenty of debris flows were observed. As a result, residential areas, social facilities, and infrastructure in Barsem village and neighboring settlements were destroyed and flooded. Besides, debris flow deposits blocked the Gunt River with the subsequent formation of a dammed lake with a maximum volume of 4.0 million m<sup>3</sup>. <br>The aim of this study was to obtain hydrographs of debris flow waves in the source and detailed zoning of the Barsemdara river valley. For the debris flow source, we applied transport-shift model. Equations of this model were developed by Yu.B. Vinogradov basing on Chemolgan experiments of artificial debris flows descending. Previously, the model characteristics were compared with the observational data of the Chemolgan experiments, and the results were found to be satisfactory [Vinogradova, Vinogradov, 2017]. Based on the equations, a computer program was created in the programming language Python. Besides, we improved the model by adding flow velocity calculations, and eventually it became possible to obtain hydrographs. To investigate quantitative characteristics of the debris flow in the river valley we implied a two-dimensional (2D) model called FLO-2D PRO. It is based on the numerical methods for solving the system of Saint-Venant equations. Besides, in this model, it is assumed that debris flows move like a Bingham fluid (viscoplastic fluid) [O'Brien et al., 1993]. The input information for modeling was digital elevation model (DEM) and previously obtained hydrographs. The output information included flow depth, velocity distribution and hazard level of the territory. The results of the study will be reported.</p><p>1.    Vinogradova T.A., Vinogradov A.Y. The Experimental Debris Flows in the Chemolgan River Basin // Natural Hazards. – 2017. – V. 88. – P. 189-198.<br>2.    O'Brien J. S., Julien P.Y., Fullerton W.T. Two-dimensional water flood and mudflow simulation //Journal of hydraulic engineering. – 1993. – V. 119, No 2. – P. 244-261.</p>

scholarly journals Analysis of River Blocking Induced by a Debris Flow

Geofluids ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijuan Wang ◽  
Ming Chang ◽  
Xiangyang Dou ◽  
Guochao Ma ◽  
Chenyuan Yang
Keyword(s):  
Debris Flow ◽  
Return Period ◽  
Debris Flows ◽  
Small Volume ◽  
Disaster Prevention ◽  
Intense Rainfall ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
The Wenchuan Earthquake ◽  
Movement Characteristics ◽  
Blocking Event

Both the Wenchuan earthquake on May 12, 2008, and the Lushan earthquake on April 12, 2013, produced many coseismic landslides along the Nanya River in Shimian City. Subsequent debris flows that initiated from these landslides and are triggered by intense rainfall become the secondary hazard in the years after the earthquake; in particular, some debris flows led to a serious river blocking event. For example, the Guangyuanbao debris flow which occurred on July 04, 2013, partly blocked the Nanya River, presenting a major threat to the national highway and residential areas. To analyze the pattern of landslide damming, we analyzed numerical simulations of the movement characteristics of the Guangyuanbao debris flow using rainfall intensities with varying recurrence periods of 5, 20, and 50 years. The accuracy of the spreading of the numerical simulation is about 90%. The simulation indicated a small volume of sediment entering the river for a rainfall under 5-year return period. A debris flow induced by rainfall under 20-year return period partly blocked the river, while rainfall under 50-year return period has potential to block the river completely. This proposed analysis of river blocking induced by a debris flow could be used for disaster prevention in earthquake-stricken area.

scholarly journals Evaluation of landslide hazard level on spatial pattern of Tanah Datar Regency

2018 ◽  
Vol 229 ◽  
pp. 03006
Author(s):  
Indang Dewata ◽  
Iswandi Umar
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Landslide Hazard ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Scoring Method ◽  
High Hazard ◽  
Hazard Level ◽  
Moderate Hazard ◽  
Hazard Levels

Natural disasters have caused much harm to human life. Migration through disaster based planning is one way to minimize risks. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the level of landslide hazard in the planning of spatial pattern in Tanah Datar Regency. To determine the landslide hazard level using the scoring method through the overlay of a thematic map. Indicators used are slope, rainfall, soil type, geology, landform, and land use. Furthermore, evaluation of landslide hazard on spatial planning is determined by overlaying hazard level maps with land use plans in spatial pattern planning. The results showed that the 26% landslide hazard rate was a high danger level, 46% moderate hazard level, and 38% low hazard level. In addition, hazard level evaluation of spatial patterns resulted in approximately 37.3% planning for residential areas having high hazard levels. Therefore, it is necessary to revise the pattern of regional space and include the element of disaster in the planning of spatial pattern.

Quantitative analysis of the debris flow risk to concentrated rural settlement in southwest Sichuan, China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Wei ◽  
Kaiheng Hu
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Debris Flow ◽  
Debris Flows ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sichuan Province ◽  
Horizontal Distance ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Planning Stage ◽  
Societal Risk

<p><strong>Sichuan Province in southwest China is highly susceptible to debris flow disasters and suffers much damage to buildings and loss of human lives in concentrated rural settlements each year</strong><strong>.</strong><strong> By combining geographic information system (GIS) and Deep Encoding Network (DE-Net) methods, we proposed an automatic identification method for buildings highly susceptible to debris flows with large-scale digital elevation data and high-resolution remote sensing imagery based on a vulnerability matrix containing different threshold values of the horizontal distance (HD) and vertical distance (VD) between buildings and channels. A case study in Puge County, Sichuan Province, demonstrated the high identification potential of the method for buildings susceptible to debris flows in large areas with only scarce information available. Meanwhile, We chose </strong><strong>a high-risk village</strong><strong> in Puge County to study </strong><strong>debris flow risk to buildings and residents. Different</strong><strong> types of days and diurnal periods were considered in </strong><strong>the analysis of societal risk to residents</strong><strong>. The </strong><strong>results</strong><strong> indicated that societal risk to residents on holidays is always higher than that on weekdays, and societal risk at night is also much higher than that in the daytime. </strong><strong>The identification results of buildings vulnerability provide valuable information regarding high-risk residential areas to governments and facilitate targeted measure design at the initial planning stage, and the proposed method of societal risk provides a basis for decision-making in the planning of mitigation countermeasures in a specific settlement.</strong></p>

A catastrophic glacial outburst flood (jökulhlaup) mechanism for debris flow generation at the Spiral Tunnels, Kicking Horse River basin, British Columbia

1979 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 806-813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lionel E. Jackson Jr.
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Debris Flow ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Debris Flows ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Outburst Flood ◽  
Flow Generation

Debris flows have blocked rail and highway routes in the upper Kicking Horse River valley, British Columbia, a number of times during this century. The origins of debris flows from the most troublesome tributary basin were investigated following the debris flows and floods of September 6, 1978. A jökulhlaup (catastrophic glacial outburst flood) origin was determined for the debris flows and flood of this event. An investigation of weather records prior to debris flows of 1962, 1946, and 1925 indicates a similar origin for the 1946 and 1925 events.

Hazard Assessment of Debris Flow Based on the TFSE: A Case along Jinsha River close to the Jinsha Dam Site in China

2013 ◽  
Vol 405-408 ◽  
pp. 2358-2363
Author(s):  
Bo Shan ◽  
Qing Wang ◽  
Jian Ping Chen ◽  
Hui Xiong
Keyword(s):  
Debris Flow ◽  
Hazard Assessment ◽  
Debris Flows ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Fuzzy Synthetic Evaluation ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Jinsha River ◽  
Design Storm ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Major Factors

Debris flows are common natural hazards in China. The outbreak of debris flows in reservoir region not only affects the stability of the hydropower stations dam, but also threatens the safety of human life and their property. Therefore, hazard assessment and protection of debris flows close to the dam are necessary and important. In this paper, SPOT5 remote sensing images and DEM model and scene investigation are introduced to acquire the characteristics of debris flow gullies. Ten debris flow occurrence related factors were selected. Then, on the basic of analyzing the relationship of the major factors and fuzzification of debris flow hazard degree, the model of two-stage fuzzy synthetic evaluation (TFSE) was established for hazard assessment. The debris flow risk under different designed rainstorm frequency was calculated. By the evaluation results, we can know that with the design storm intensity increases, the risk of debris flow increases, which is consistent with the actual situation.

Hazard Assessment of Highways Affected by Debris Flows

2014 ◽  
Vol 501-504 ◽  
pp. 2455-2462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Zou
Keyword(s):  
Debris Flow ◽  
Debris Flows ◽  
Drainage Basins ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Management Planning ◽  
Disaster Situation ◽  
Damage Process ◽  
Emergency Management Planning ◽  
Hazard Level ◽  
Debris Flow Hazard

Roads often run across various drainage basins in mountain areas which include complex geographic and geomorphic conditions. Highways in these areas have been frequently interrupted by debris flows. Without emergency management planning, such debris flows can lead to extensive life and property loss. Through analyzing the hazard effect modes and damage process along highways, we developed three key indexes, scale of debris flows, deposits on highways and river blockage, to describe the highway disasters quantitatively. According to actual investigation, we proposed new methods to determine the value of hazard indexes. Subsequently, we developed the assessment and mapping methods for highways safety by using hazard degree of debris flow. The hazard is graded into 4 grades as extreme low, low hazard, medium and high hazard level. Through applying this method, a case study was carried out on national highway G318 in Xiqu River basin. After analyzing debris flow hazard for the whole highway, the assessment results are consistent with the field surveyed data which indicate actual disaster situation. This hazard method can objectively evaluate the debris-flow hazard along highways, and is useful for highway reconstruction in mountainous areas suffering from active debris flows.

scholarly journals Debris Flow Assessment in the Gaizi-Bulunkou Section of Karakoram Highway

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Jiang ◽  
Fenghuan Su ◽  
Yong Li ◽  
Xiaojun Guo ◽  
Jun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Debris Flow ◽  
Debris Flows ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Karakoram Highway ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Hazard Level ◽  
Debris Flow Hazard ◽  
Hazard Levels

Highways frequently run through the flow and accumulation areas of debris flow gullies and thus are susceptible to debris flow hazards. Assessing debris flows along highways can provide references for highway planners and debris flow control, emergency management. However, the existing assessment methods mostly neglect the essential information of the flow paths and spreading areas of debris flows at the regional scale. Taking the Gaizi Village-Bulunkou Township Section (hereinafter referred to as “the Gaizi-Bulunkou Section”) of the Karakoram highway as the study area, this research introduces a simple empirical model (the Flow-R model) and establishes a method for assessing the debris flow hazard level. The main processes include data collection, inventory of former events, calculating source areas and spreading probability, verification of the model, extraction of hazard assessment factors, and calculation of debris flow hazard levels. The results show that: 1) the accuracy, sensitivity, and positive predictive power of the Flow-R model in simulating the debris flow spreading probability of the study area were 81.87, 70.80 and 72.70%, respectively. The errors mainly occurred in the debris flow fans. 2) The calculation results make it possible to divide debris flow hazard levels into four levels. N5, N19, and N28 gullies had the highest hazard level during the study period. 3) In the Gaizi-Bulunkou Section of the Karakoram highway, during the study period, the highways with very high, high, medium, and low hazards were 4.33, 0.62, 1.41, and 1.68 km in length, respectively.

BARSEM DEBRIS FLOW DISASTER IN THE PAMIRS IN 2015 AND ITS ANALOGUES IN THE CENTRAL CAUCASUS

2019 ◽  
Vol XIII (1/2019) ◽  
pp. 26-36
Author(s):  
MIKHAIL DOKUKIN ◽  
SERGEY CHERNOMORETS ◽  
ELENA SAVERNYUK ◽  
EDUARD ZAPOROZHCHENKO ◽  
RUSLAN BOBOV ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Debris Flow ◽  
Debris Flows ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Form Analysis ◽  
Flow Processes ◽  
Central Caucasus ◽  
Left Tributary ◽  
Debris Flow Disaster

we characterize specific features of formation and consequences of the debris flow disaster occurred on the Barsemdara River in the Gunt River valley (Barsem village, Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region, Tajikistan) on July 16–24, 2015. The paper presents the data on debris flow events with similar formation mechanism that took place in the following river valleys: Adyr-Su in 1940, 1983 and 2011, Tyutyun-Su in 1953, Khaznidon in 1975 et al. A common feature of the considered debris flows is the confinedness of debris flow site to special glacial accumulation forms — moraine pedestals containing a large amount of buried ice. Due to large-scale and long-term debris flow processes moraine pedestals take the shape of gullies. The largest example of considered landform is the debris flow gully (1 km-length) situated in the upper reaches of the Tyutyun-Su River in the Cherek Balkarskiy River basin (Central Caucasus). Similar debris flow processes were also observed in other mountain areas (Zaas River valley (Switzerland) in 1987, valley of the Ishkoman River left tributary (Pakistan) in 2018). Volumes of debris flow material carried out from moraine pedestals reach 1–5 million m3. In 2015 part of the Barsem village territory became covered with debris flow deposits and a dam was formed on the Gunt River above which is the Barsemkul dammed lake now. Places of possible debris flows such as Barsem disasters can be determined on the basis of glacial accumulation form analysis and identification of moraine pedestals in which the debris flow incisions are not yet developed.

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