The shear strength of Opalinus Clay shale in the remoulded state

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 100142 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ferrari ◽  
M. Rosone ◽  
M. Ziccarelli ◽  
S.B. Giger
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Opalinus Clay ◽  
Clay Shale

scholarly journals Effect of Urease Enzyme on Shear Strength of Clay Shale

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.36) ◽  
pp. 424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxwel Joseph Henri Nainggolan ◽  
Wiwik Rahayu ◽  
Puspita Lisdiyanti
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Triaxial Test ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Soil Strength ◽  
Clay Shale ◽  
Strength Performance ◽  
Enzyme Mixture ◽  
Urease Enzyme

In recent years, utilization of biotechnology in geotechnical field has rapidly grown. One of the biotechnologies being utilized is urease enzyme, a stabilization material by bio-cementation method studied in this research.  Urease enzyme is manually mixed with additional 10% of clay soil to clay shale. The objective of mixing it is to increase the bearing capacity of the clay shale. Consolidated undrained triaxial test was performed for testing the soil strength performance for samples that had undergone curing for 2, 4, and 6 weeks. The results indicated that the sample stiffens, proved by the increase of shear strength from consolidated undrained triaxial test. The shear strength value produced by the variation of the urease enzyme mixture + 10% the clay is higher than that of without the original clay shale.  

scholarly journals The response of Opalinus Clay when exposed to cyclic relative humidity variations

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrin M. Wild ◽  
Patric Walter ◽  
Florian Amann
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Opalinus Clay ◽  
Brazilian Tensile Strength ◽  
Internal Damage ◽  
Direction Parallel ◽  
Clay Shale ◽  
Retention Characteristic ◽  
Bedding Planes

Abstract. Clay shale specimens were exposed to cyclic relative humidity variations to investigate the response of the material to natural environmental changes. Opalinus Clay, a clay shale chosen as host rock for nuclear waste disposal in Switzerland, was utilized. The specimens were exposed to stepwise relative humidity cycles where they were alternately allowed to equilibrate at 66 and 93 % relative humidity. Principal strains were monitored throughout the experiments using strain gauges. After each relative humidity cycle, Brazilian tensile strength tests were performed to identify possible changes in tensile strength due to environmental degradation. Results showed that Opalinus Clay follows a cyclic swelling-shrinkage behaviour with irreversible expansion limited to the direction normal to bedding, suggesting that internal damage is restricted along the bedding planes. The Brazilian tensile strength in direction parallel and normal to bedding as well as the water retention characteristic remained unaffected by the RH variations.

scholarly journals Re-weathering of stabilized clay shale with Portland cement behavior

2019 ◽  
Vol 276 ◽  
pp. 05009
Author(s):  
Alatas Idrus M ◽  
Simatupang Pintor T ◽  
Kuswaya Wawan ◽  
Panji
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Ratio Test ◽  
Natural Clay ◽  
Durability Test ◽  
Clay Shale ◽  
Process Testing ◽  
High Shear Strength ◽  
Very High ◽  
Weathering Process

Clay shale is a claystone which in fresh condition has a very high shear strength. When it reacts with the atmosphere or hydrosphere it will weather so that the shear strength of clay shale will drop drastically. The weathering potential of clay shale is generally done by the slake durability test and the weathering process is measured by disintegration ratio test (DR). The strength of clay shale that has fully weathered will increase again when it is stabilized with a minimum of 6% PC (Portland Cement). It was found from the wetting drying cycle process testing that durability of re-weathering of stabilized clay shale with PC is increased compared to natural clay shale. Disintegration ratio of natural clay shale DR was smaller than stabilized clay shale with 6% PC. Additionally, more than 6% PC increased the durability of re-weathering of clay shale.

Hydro-mechanical behaviour of shallow Opalinus Clay shale

2019 ◽  
Vol 251 ◽  
pp. 214-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleonora Crisci ◽  
Alessio Ferrari ◽  
Silvio B. Giger ◽  
Lyesse Laloui
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Behaviour ◽  
Opalinus Clay ◽  
Clay Shale

EFFECT OF WEATHERING ON DISINTEGRATION AND SHEAR STRENGTH REDUCTION OF CLAY SHALE

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (7-3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramli Nazir ◽  
Idrus M Alatas ◽  
Samira A Kamaruddin ◽  
Masyhur Irsyam
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Triaxial Tests ◽  
Shear Strength Parameters ◽  
Clay Shale ◽  
Clay Shales ◽  
Accelerate Weathering ◽  
Day Wetting ◽  
Range Of Values ◽  
Natural Drying ◽  
Shear Strength Reduction

Frequent and strong atmosphere and hydrosphere reactions accelerate weathering of clay shale. This study was carried out to determine the effects of frequent natural drying and wetting-drying cycles on clay shales in every 8 days until the value of disintegration ratio, DR reached zero (completely non-durable). Clay shale samples from Semarang-Bawen and Hambalang were tested in the laboratory under four circumstances: (1) without soaking, (2) soaked once in every 8 days, (3) soaked 2 times in every 8 day and (4) soaked 3 times in every 8 days. Disintegration ratio, DR was obtained from the change in grain size distribution of the clay shale due to weathering. Reductions in shear strength of the samples were observed after subjected to wetting-drying cycles. The DR of Semarang-Bawen clay shale reached zero after 32 days, while the DR of Hambalang clay shale showed a range of values between 0.09 and 0.147 on the 80th day. Wetting-drying cycles showed greater impact than natural drying on shear strength parameters reduction. Triaxial tests could only be performed on samples from Semarang-Bawen and Hambalang which were exposed to wetting-drying cycles up to 24 and 32 days of test, respectively beyond which the samples completely disintegrated.

The Denholm landslide, Saskatchewan, Canada, an update

1987 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Karl Sauer ◽  
E. A. Christiansen
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Residual Strength ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Clay Shale ◽  
Movement Rates ◽  
The North ◽  
Lower Block ◽  
Geological Age ◽  
Retrogressive Landslide

The lower block of the Denholm landslide has moved 370 m over alluvium deposited by the North Saskatchewan spillway and river during the last 11 500 years at an average rate of 32 mm/year. These values must be considered minimal because erosion of the toe of the landslide is required for the formation of retrogressive landslides. The shear strength for the bedrock clay (shale) of the Lea Park Formation was back calculated to be [Formula: see text] assuming zero cohesion. Key words: retrogressive landslide, clay shale, residual strength, movement rates, geological age, inclinometer.

scholarly journals Kajian Ketahanan Batuan Clay Shale Formasi Jatiluhur di Sentul City Jawa Barat

PROMINE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
Revia Oktaviani ◽  
Paulus P Raharjo ◽  
Imam A Sadisun
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Durability Test ◽  
Indirect Contact ◽  
Water Research ◽  
Clay Shale ◽  
High Durability ◽  
Slake Durability Test ◽  
Over Time

The mechanical properties of Clay Shale are very unique. When it is dry, it shrinks and hardens, butwhen it absorbs water, it swells and to some extent loses its shear strength so that the drop-instrength can occur suddenly even with its own weight. Due to the nature of the swell-shrink that arestrongly influenced by climate and weather, clay shale durability may decrease over time when indirect contact with air and water. Research on clay shale was done in Sentul City, Bogor - West Java,Indonesia on Jatiluhur formation, using dynamic slaking (slake durability test) and slaking static test.Dynamic slacking test is done in three times i.e. after sampling, after 3 months and after 9 months.Slake durability test results from 3 different drilling points, shows that within 9 months, has not seenthe decreasing effect of durability. With a low Plasticity index, the durability research in Sentul City isin medium durability to medium-high durability classification.

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