scholarly journals “Green” effects of hybrid actors through carbon trading: Cases in Beijing

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-22
Author(s):  
Li Li
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Trading ◽  
Hybrid Actors

scholarly journals Klimaschutz auf Kosten der Armen? Vorschläge für eine markt- und sozialverträgliche Umsetzung von CO2-Steuern und des Emissionshandels

ORDO ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (70) ◽  
pp. 125-165
Author(s):  
Stephan Wolf ◽  
Nils Goldschmidt
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Trading ◽  
Eu Ets ◽  
Trading System

ZusammenfassungMit diesem Beitrag schlagen wir einen zweistufigen Weg zu einer effektiven deutschen Klimapolitik vor. Die erste Stufe orientiert sich an der Schweizer CO2-Abgabe: Ab 2020 soll der Kohlendioxidausstoß im privaten Heizenergie- und Verkehrsbereich besteuert werden, da beide Sektoren nicht im EU-Emissionshandel erfasst werden. Wie im Schweizer Modell fließt das Steueraufkommen durch Transfers und Investitionen an die Bevölkerung zurück. Allerdings soll die direkte Rückerstattung auf die Hälfte der Steuereinnahmen beschränkt und auf das einkommensschwächste Drittel der Haushalte konzentriert werden. Die andere Hälfte soll zur Förderung des ländlichen ÖPNV und zur energetischen Sanierung von Mietshäusern eingesetzt werden. Damit wird Klimaschutz – ein Gebot intergenerationeller Gerechtigkeit – im Sinne einer Sozialen Marktwirtschaft umgesetzt: Der Klimaschutzbeitrag jedes Einzelnen orientiert sich auch an Leistungsfähigkeit und Bedürftigkeit. Ab 2030 sollte der zweite Schritt unseres Ansatzes einsetzen und das Steuermodell sukzessive in einen verbraucherbasierten Emissionshandel überführt werden. Ein funktionierendes Personal Carbon Trading System ist allerding technisch und rechtlich komplexer als eine CO2-Steuer. Die sofortige Umsetzung von Stufe eins schafft das nötige Zeitfenster für die Vorbereitung eines Zertifikatesystems für Heizenergie und Mobilität. Die oft angeführten Nachteile eines solchen Systems – hohe Transaktions- und Administrationskosten – halten wir aufgrund der Fortschritte in der Informationstechnologie bereits heute für händelbar. Dafür hätte ein solches System gegenüber einer Steuer folgende Vorteile: Es ist mit dem EU-ETS kompatibel, Emissionsziele werden sicher erreicht und jeder Verbraucher erkennt direkt, für welche CO2-Emissionen er persönlich verantwortlich ist.

scholarly journals Personal Carbon Trading—Lost in the Policy Primeval Soup?

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4592
Author(s):  
Fabio Bothner
Keyword(s):  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Emission Trading ◽  
Political Agenda ◽  
Carbon Trading ◽  
Multiple Streams ◽  
Policy Proposal ◽  
The Past ◽  
Multiple Streams Approach ◽  
Carbon Taxation ◽  
Set Up

The number of emission trading and carbon taxation schemes implemented has grown rapidly over the past decade. Together, they cover approximately 16% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Although more than two-thirds of global GHG emissions are related to household consumption, approaches that directly target households, such as personal carbon trading (PCT), do not play a role in the fight against climate change. This is especially puzzling as measures taken so far are not sufficient to reach the 2 °C target. One clue to solving this puzzle comes from political science in the form of the multiple streams approach, which defines criteria that a policy proposal must meet to become part of the political agenda. Based on these criteria, this article conducts a systematic review on PCT to clarify why PCT does not play a role in the reduction of GHG emissions. The results show that there are three main problems with the PCT proposal. First, scholars often criticize the set-up costs as well as the running costs of such a system. Second, there is no clear consensus within the research community on public acceptance of PCT. Third, it is still unclear whether politicians are receptive to PCT or not.

scholarly journals A Carbon Price Prediction Model Based on the Secondary Decomposition Algorithm and Influencing Factors

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1328
Author(s):  
Jianguo Zhou ◽  
Shiguo Wang
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Model ◽  
Extreme Learning Machine ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Search Algorithm ◽  
Carbon Price ◽  
Carbon Trading ◽  
Price Prediction ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Mode Decomposition ◽  
Learning Machine

Carbon emission reduction is now a global issue, and the prediction of carbon trading market prices is an important means of reducing emissions. This paper innovatively proposes a second decomposition carbon price prediction model based on the nuclear extreme learning machine optimized by the Sparrow search algorithm and considers the structural and nonstructural influencing factors in the model. Firstly, empirical mode decomposition (EMD) is used to decompose the carbon price data and variational mode decomposition (VMD) is used to decompose Intrinsic Mode Function 1 (IMF1), and the decomposition of carbon prices is used as part of the input of the prediction model. Then, a maximum correlation minimum redundancy algorithm (mRMR) is used to preprocess the structural and nonstructural factors as another part of the input of the prediction model. After the Sparrow search algorithm (SSA) optimizes the relevant parameters of Extreme Learning Machine with Kernel (KELM), the model is used for prediction. Finally, in the empirical study, this paper selects two typical carbon trading markets in China for analysis. In the Guangdong and Hubei markets, the EMD-VMD-SSA-KELM model is superior to other models. It shows that this model has good robustness and validity.

scholarly journals Effect of Green Construction on a Building’s Carbon Emission and Its Price at Materialization

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 642
Author(s):  
Shuangxi Zhou ◽  
Zhenzhen Guo ◽  
Yang Ding ◽  
Jingliang Dong ◽  
Jianming Le ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Carbon Price ◽  
Carbon Trading ◽  
Construction Companies ◽  
Green Construction ◽  
The World ◽  
Total Price

Buildings consume many resources and generate greenhouse gases during construction. One of the main sources of greenhouse gases is carbon emission associated with buildings. This research is based on the computing rule of carbon emission at the materialization stage. By taking the features of green construction into consideration, quantitative analysis on construction carbon emission was undertaken via Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). Making use of Vensim (a system dynamics software package), we analyzed the amount of carbon emission at the materialization stage and determined the major subsystems affecting the carbon emission, then took into comprehensive consideration the differences of each subsystem’s carbon emission under different construction technologies. Under the mechanism of carbon trade at the materialization stage, the total price of carbon trades remains unchanged, while the trading price of each subsystem is adjusted. Under these conditions, a coefficient for step-wise increases in carbon price was proposed. By establishing such a system of gradient prices, construction companies are encouraged to adopt high-efficiency emission reduction technologies. Meanwhile, the system also provides a reference for the formulation of price-based policies about buildings’ carbon trading, and accelerates the process of energy conservation and emission reduction in China and the world at large.

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