Patients’ self-reported factors influencing cervical cancer screening uptake among HIV-positive women in low- and middle-income countries: An integrative review

Background. Women living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are more likely to develop an increased risk of invasive cervical cancer. Morbidity and mortality due to cervical cancer could be reduced with early detection through cervical screening. Though uptake of cervical screening was investigated in Ethiopia, inconsistent findings were reported. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis was designed to estimate the pooled prevalence of cervical cancer screening uptake among HIV-positive women and its associated factors in Ethiopia. Methods. A comprehensive search of PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, EMBASE, CINAHL, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Cochrane Library was conducted. The data were extracted using a standardized data extraction format. Statistical analysis was done using the STATA, version 14, software. The heterogeneity of the studies was assessed using the I2 test. Funnel plots and Egger’s test were used to check publication bias. A random effects model was computed to estimate the pooled prevalence of cervical cancer screening uptake. Moreover, pooled odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were used to determine the association of identified determinant factors with cervical cancer screening uptake. Results. A total of 10358 studies were retrieved, and 7 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of cervical cancer screening uptake among HIV-positive women in Ethiopia was 18.17% (95% CI : 11.23, 25.10) with exhibited heterogeneity (I2 = 96.6%; p<0.001). Educational status of women (AOR = 3.50; 95% CI : 1.85, 6.07), knowledge of women on cervical cancer (AOR = 3.26; 95% CI : 2.50, 4.43), and perceived susceptibility (AOR = 3.26; 95% CI : 2.26, 4.26) were significantly associated with cervical cancer screening uptake among HIV-positive women. Conclusion. The uptake of cervical cancer screening among HIV-positive women in Ethiopia was low. The findings of this study suggest the need to improve the existing national strategies of cervical cancer screening so as to strengthen reproductive health education and promotion, in addition to providing screening services. Furthermore, cervical screening service should be integrated to the routine care and treatment, so that HIV-positive women can get counseling services in every clinical contact.

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Role of awareness on cervical cancer screening uptake among HIV positive women in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study

Women s Health ◽

10.1177/17455065211017041 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

pp. 174550652110170

Author(s):

Kassahun Emru ◽

Tsega-Ab Abebaw ◽

Admas Abera

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Cancer Screening ◽

Cervical Cancer Screening ◽

Addis Ababa ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Screening Uptake ◽

Hiv Positive Women

Background: Cervical cancer is the second commonest cancer among women living in less developed countries. Although cervical cancer screening for HIV-infected women has been started in different centers in Addis Ababa, there is a paucity of data on the uptake of this service, particularly among HIV-infected women. Objective: This study is aimed to assess the level and determinants of cervical cancer screening uptake among HIV-positive reproductive-age women in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a structured questionnaire on 411 HIV-infected women aged 15–49 years in St. Paul’s and Zewditu Hospitals. Data were collected using a pre-tested structured questionnaire on randomly selected study participants’ proportional allocation in the two hospitals. Logistic regression analyses were used to assess predictors of cervical cancer screening uptake. Results: Only 25.5% of HIV-positive reproductive-age women have been screened for cervical cancer. Respondents who have not heard about cervical cancer and the screening were 75% and 78% less likely to be screened compared to their counterparts, respectively. Conclusion: The uptake of cervical cancer screening was low in the study area. Awareness about cervical cancer screening was positively associated with cervical cancer screening uptake. Specific awareness programs focusing HIV positive women need to be implemented.

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Mobile Technologies and Cervical Cancer Screening in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review

JCO Global Oncology ◽

10.1200/jgo.19.00201 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 617-627 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Dongyu Zhang ◽

Shailesh Advani ◽

Jo Waller ◽

Ana-Paula Cupertino ◽

Alejandra Hurtado-de-Mendoza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Cervical Cancer ◽

Cancer Screening ◽

Cervical Cancer Screening ◽

Pap Test ◽

Mobile Telephone ◽

Mobile Technologies ◽

Middle Income ◽

Screening Uptake ◽

Middle Income Countries

PURPOSE Cervical cancer screening is not well implemented in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Mobile health (mHealth) refers to utilization of mobile technologies in health promotion and disease management. We aimed to qualitatively synthesize published articles reporting the impact of mHealth on cervical cancer screening–related health behaviors. METHODS Three reviewers independently reviewed articles with the following criteria: the exposure or intervention of interest was mHealth, including messages or educational information sent via mobile telephone or e-mail; the comparison was people not using mHealth technology to receive screening-related information, and studies comparing multiple different mHealth interventional strategies were also eligible; the primary outcome was cervical cancer screening uptake, and secondary outcomes included awareness, intention, and knowledge of screening; appropriate research designs included randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental or observational research; and the study was conducted in an LMIC. RESULTS Of the 8 selected studies, 5 treated mobile telephone or message reminders as the exposure or intervention, and 3 compared the effects of different messages on screening uptake. The outcomes were diverse, including screening uptake (n = 4); health beliefs regarding the Papanicolaou (Pap) test (n = 1); knowledge of, attitude toward, and adherence to colpocytologic examination (n = 1); interest in receiving messages about Pap test results or appointment (n = 1); and return for Pap test reports (n = 1). CONCLUSION Overall, our systematic review suggests that mobile technologies, particularly telephone reminders or messages, lead to increased Pap test uptake; additional work is needed to unequivocally verify whether mhealth interventions can improve knowledge regarding cervical cancer. Our study will inform mHealth-based interventions for cervical cancer screening promotion in LMICs.

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Role of awareness on cervical cancer screening uptake among HIV positive women in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study

10.21203/rs.2.19261/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Kassahun Emru ◽

Tsega-Ab Abebaw ◽

Admas Abera Abaerei

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Cancer Screening ◽

Cervical Cancer Screening ◽

Addis Ababa ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Screening Uptake ◽

Hiv Positive Women

Abstract Background: Cervical cancer is the second commonest cancer among women living in less developed countries. Women infected with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) are at increased risk. However cervical cancer screening for HIV infected women has been started in limited centers in Addis Ababa, data on the uptake of this service are lacking. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the level and predictors of cervical cancer screening uptake among HIV positive women in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a structured questionnaire on 411 HIV infected women in St. Paul's and Zewditu Hospitals, from April 20, 2015-May 10, 2015. Both bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to assess predictors of cervical cancer screening uptake. Results: Only 25.5% of the respondents had undergone cervical screening. Respondents who hadn't heard about cervical cancer and the screening were 75% and 78% less likely to be screened than those who had heard about it respectively. Conclusion: The uptake of cervical cancer screening was very low. Awareness about cervical cancer and screening were predictive factors. To increase the level of screening, specific awareness programs should be implemented by relevant authorities. Keywords: Cervical cancer, HIV, Screening, Women, Awareness

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Role of community-based resources in cervical cancer screening uptake in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review protocol

Journal of Global Health Reports ◽

10.29392/001c.18246 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Danladi Adamu ◽

Nicole M Robertson ◽

David Weller ◽

Christine Campbell

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Cancer Screening ◽

Cervical Cancer Screening ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Community Based ◽

Middle Income ◽

Screening Uptake ◽

Middle Income Countries ◽

Review Protocol

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Cervical cancer screening service utilization and associated factors among HIV positive women attending adult ART clinic in public health facilities, Hawassa town, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

BMC Health Services Research ◽

10.1186/s12913-019-4718-5 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Abiyu Ayalew Assefa ◽

Feleke Hailemichael Astawesegn ◽

Bethlehem Eshetu

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Cancer Screening ◽

Cervical Cancer Screening ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Partner Support ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Screening Service ◽

Hiv Diagnosis ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hiv Positive Women

Abstract Background In Ethiopia, cervical cancer is a public health concern, as it is the second most cause of cancer deaths among reproductive age women and it affects the country’s most vulnerable groups like; rural, poor, and HIV-positive women. Despite the strong evidence that cervical cancer screening results in decreased mortality from this disease, its utilization remains low. Methods An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2 to April 1/2019 to assess the level and factors affecting utilization of cervical cancer screening among HIV positive women in Hawassa town. Quantitative data collection methods were used. Data were gathered using a structured and pretested questionnaire. Epi-Info version 7 and SPSS version 23 were used for data entry and analysis respectively. Statistically significant association of variables was determined based on Adjusted Odds ratio with its 95% confidence interval and p-value of ≤0.05. Results Of the 342 women interviewed, 40.1% (95% CI: 35.00, 45.33%) of them were screened. Having a post primary education (AOR = 5.1, 95% CI: 1.8, 14.5), less than 500 cell/mm3 CD4 count (AOR = 2.7, 95% CI: 1.2, 5.9); duration since HIV diagnosis (AOR = 4.2, 95% CI: 2.1, 8.5), partner support (AOR = 4.7, 95% CI: 2.3, 9.4), having knowledge about risk factors (AOR = 2.9 (95% CI: 1.2, 6.9) and having favorable attitude towards cervical cancer and its screening (AOR = 3.7 (95% CI: 1.8, 7.5) were associated with cervical cancer screening utilization. Conclusions The study revealed utilization of cervical cancer screening service was low among HIV positive women. Educational status, duration of HIV diagnosis, partner support, knowledge status about risk factor, CD4 count and attitude towards cervical cancer and its screening were associated with cervical cancer screening utilization. Health care workers need to provide intensive counseling services for all ART care attendants to increase utilization.

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Evidence for lack of cervical cancer screening among HIV-positive women in Italy

European Journal of Cancer Prevention ◽

10.1097/01.cej.0000220640.69341.59 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 15 (6) ◽

pp. 554-556 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Silvia Franceschi ◽

Luigino Dal Maso ◽

Barbara Suligoi ◽

Giovanni Rezza

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Cancer Screening ◽

Cervical Cancer Screening ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Hiv Positive Women

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Facilitators and barriers to cervical cancer screening among HIV-positive women in Ghana

African Journal of Midwifery and Women s Health ◽

10.12968/ajmw.2018.12.2.93 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 93-99

Author(s):

Nancy Innocentia Ebu

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Cancer Screening ◽

Cervical Cancer Screening ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Hiv Positive Women ◽

Facilitators And Barriers

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'Have a Pap smear!' – doctors, their clients, and opportunistic cervical cancer screening

International Journal of STD & AIDS ◽

10.1258/0956462053420266 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 233-236 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

L C Chingang ◽

U Bischof ◽

G Andall-Brereton ◽

O Razum

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Cancer Screening ◽

Cervical Cancer Screening ◽

Pap Smear ◽

Cervical Screening ◽

Pap Test ◽

Community Members ◽

Middle Income ◽

Middle Income Countries ◽

High Incidence

In many middle-income countries with a high incidence of cervical cancer, organized screening programmes with the Pap test are being planned. We assessed the knowledge of, and attitudes towards, cervical screening among 63 doctors and 102 randomly selected community members in Trinidad where screening is still opportunistic. Doctors were well informed about cervical cancer, but not all knew the approximate specificity of the Pap test. Many did not routinely discuss the benefits and disadvantages of screening with their clients. Most women had heard of the Pap test, but only 56% knew its purpose; 25% would not participate in screening, stating reasons such as being in menopause or not having symptoms. More information about the aim of screening and the purpose of the Pap test must be communicated. Doctors need to keep their knowledge on screening up-to-date, and offer counselling that helps women to make an informed decision whether or not to participate in screening.

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