scholarly journals A history of Proterozoic terranes in southern South America: From Rodinia to Gondwana

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Casquet ◽  
C.W. Rapela ◽  
R.J. Pankhurst ◽  
E.G. Baldo ◽  
C. Galindo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Southern South America ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals Microsatellite typing of ancient maize: insights into the history of agriculture in southern South America

2006 ◽  
Vol 274 (1609) ◽  
pp. 545-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verónica V Lia ◽  
Viviana A Confalonieri ◽  
Norma Ratto ◽  
Julián A. Cámara Hernández ◽  
Ana M. Miante Alzogaray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Ancient Dna ◽  
Microsatellite Loci ◽  
Southern South America ◽  
Maize Cultivation ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
History Of ◽  
Frequent Allele ◽  
Positive Results

Archaeological maize specimens from Andean sites of southern South America, dating from 400 to 1400 years before present, were tested for the presence of ancient DNA and three microsatellite loci were typed in the specimens that gave positive results. Genotypes were also obtained for 146 individuals corresponding to modern landraces currently cultivated in the same areas and for 21 plants from Argentinian lowland races. Sequence analysis of cloned ancient DNA products revealed a high incidence of substitutions appearing in only one clone, with transitions prevalent. In the archaeological specimens, there was no evidence of polymorphism at any one of the three microsatellite loci: each exhibited a single allelic variant, identical to the most frequent allele found in contemporary populations belonging to races Amarillo Chico, Amarillo Grande, Blanco and Altiplano. Affiliation between ancient specimens and a set of races from the Andean complex was further supported by assignment tests. The striking genetic uniformity displayed by the ancient specimens and their close relationship with the Andean complex suggest that the latter gene pool has predominated in the western regions of southern South America for at least the past 1400 years. The results support hypotheses suggesting that maize cultivation initially spread into South America via a highland route, rather than through the lowlands.

The evolutionary history of Senna ser. Aphyllae (Leguminosae–Caesalpinioideae), an endemic clade of southern South America

2017 ◽  
Vol 303 (10) ◽  
pp. 1351-1366
Author(s):  
Federico O. Robbiati ◽  
Ana Anton ◽  
Brigitte Marazzi ◽  
Marilyn Vásquez-Cruz ◽  
Renée H. Fortunato
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Southern South America ◽  
History Of

Aimé Bonpland's Drawings of Itá Pucú, 1834, and the History of Early Geological Representations in Argentina

2004 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-133
Author(s):  
Eduardo Ottone
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
South America ◽  
Charles Darwin ◽  
Graphical Representation ◽  
Southern South America ◽  
Alexander Von Humboldt ◽  
Geological Maps ◽  
History Of ◽  
Rocky Outcrops

The early geological representations in Argentina dated from the middle of the nineteenth century when Alcide d'Orbigny, Charles Darwin, Bartholomew James Sulivan, Franz Foetterle, Auguste Bravard, Jakob Christen Heusser and Georges Claraz, and Victor Martin de Moussy accompanied their scientific observations with geological maps, stratigraphic sections or sketches of rocky outcrops. Aimé Bonpland (1773-1858), a French naturalist mainly known by his travels with Alexander von Humboldt and by his contributions on tropical botany, settled in southern South America in 1817, and displayed a relevant activity as botanist, zoologist, paleontologist, and geologist. In this last field, Bonpland prepared in 1834 a series of drafts and drawings about the geology of the Itá Pucú that constitute one of the first geological representations to the country and it is the first document providing a detailed description and a schematic graphical representation of a sedimentary outcrop.

Shell variability in Tawera gayi (Veneridae) from southern South America: a morphometric approach based on contour analysis

2010 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 815-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Gordillo ◽  
Federico Márquez ◽  
Javiera Cárdenas ◽  
Miguel Ángel Zubimendi
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Tierra Del Fuego ◽  
Elliptic Fourier Analysis ◽  
Contour Analysis ◽  
Southern South America ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Marine Deposits ◽  
History Of

This study analyses the significance of shell morphological variations in the venerid clam Tawera gayi, a typical element of shallow marine soft bottoms in southern South America and the most common species recovered from Late Quaternary marine deposits along the Beagle Channel, Tierra del Fuego. Fossil and modern Tawera shells from different localities around the southern tip of South America were analysed using the Elliptic Fourier Analysis (EFA) method. Taking into account the palaeontological history of this genus in the southern hemisphere, EFA was also performed on shells of Tawera congeners from South Africa (T. philomela) and New Zealand (T. spissa). The use of EFA permitted the distinction between the three Tawera species and geographical differentiation in the T. gayi groups. These morphological variations of T. gayi appear best related to ecophenotypic plasticity as a response to different environmental conditions, although the palaeobiogeographical history of Tawera in South America cannot be ruled out.

Detection of natural hybridization and delimitation of two closely related operational taxonomic units of the Astyanax fasciatus (Teleostei: Characidae) complex through integrative approaches

2020 ◽  
Vol 129 (3) ◽  
pp. 687-700
Author(s):  
Mariane Gavazzoni ◽  
Carla S Pavanelli ◽  
Weferson J Graça ◽  
Bruno F Melo ◽  
Éder André Gubiani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Natural Hybridization ◽  
Secondary Contact ◽  
Sequence Analyses ◽  
Southern South America ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Units ◽  
Astyanax Fasciatus ◽  
History Of ◽  
Uruguay River

Abstract Astyanax is a species-rich, non-monophyletic genus composed of several supraspecific taxa that are poorly delimited. The Astyanax fasciatus complex is one of these taxa and shows high taxonomic complexity. To elucidate the evolutionary history of the A. fasciatus complex from southern South America, we conducted cytogenetic, molecular and morphological analyses in specimens from the Uruguay River basin. Cytogenetic characters demonstrated two closely related operational taxonomic units: Astyanax sp. 1 (8m+22sm+10st+6a), Astyanax sp. 2 (8m+24sm+10st+4a) and natural hybrids (8m+23sm+8st+5a). 5S ribosomal DNA sites were found in two pairs of m chromosomes and one pair of a chromosomes in Astyanax sp. 1, two pairs of a chromosomes and one pair of m chromosomes in Astyanax sp. 2, and three m chromosomes and three a chromosomes in hybrids. As51 sites were found in three chromosomes in Astyanax sp. 1 and in five chromosomes in Astyanax sp. 2 and hybrids. Mitochondrial sequence analyses did not separate the two units and hybrids. Morphological analyses revealed differences between Astyanax sp. 2 and hybrids. This secondary contact with gene flow between lineages that diverged long ago might slow or reverse the differentiation/speciation process. These results help us to understand the evolutionary history of this highly complex clade of Astyanax in southern South America.

scholarly journals First steps towards assessing the evolutionary history and phylogeography of a widely distributed Neotropical grassland bird (Motacillidae: Anthus correndera)

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heraldo V. Norambuena ◽  
Paul Van Els ◽  
Carlos P. Muñoz-Ramírez ◽  
Pedro F. Victoriano
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Population History ◽  
Middle Pleistocene ◽  
Phylogeographic Structure ◽  
General View ◽  
South American ◽  
Distribution Models ◽  
Grassland Bird ◽  
Southern South America ◽  
History Of

Grasslands in southern South America are extensive ecosystems which harbor a unique biodiversity; however, studies on the evolution of their taxa are scarce. Here we studied the phylogeography and population history of the Correndera Pipit (Anthus correndera), a grassland specialist bird with a large breeding distribution in southern South America, with the goals of investigating its phylogeographic history and relate it to the historical development of South American grasslands. The mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit II gene (ND2) was sequenced in 66 individuals from 19 localities and the intron 9 of the sex-linked gene for aconitase (ACOI9) was sequenced from a subset of those individuals, including all five subspecies of A. correndera, as well as the closely related A. antarcticus. Phylogenetic analysis revealed two distinct lineages within the complex: the first (A) corresponding to Andean subspecies A. c. calcaratus and A. c. catamarcae and the second (B) including birds traditionally assigned to A. c. correndera, A. c. chilensis, A. c. grayi and some individuals of A. c. catamarcae. A. antarcticus is nested within this second lineage. These results were also supported by evidence of niche divergence for variables associated with precipitation. The oldest split between clade A and B was estimated at c. 0.37 Mya, during the middle Pleistocene. Species distribution models for the present and the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) suggest that grassland areas in southern South America remained relatively stable, in contrast to the general view of a reduction in grassland cover in South America since the LGM. Recent divergences and low phylogeographic structure (for lowland vs. highland geographic groups, intra-population genetic variance was greater than inter-groups; e.g., for ACOI9: 95.47% and ND2: 51.51% respectively), suggest widespread gene flow between lowland populations.

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