Microsatellite typing of ancient maize: insights into the history of agriculture in southern South America

Archaeological maize specimens from Andean sites of southern South America, dating from 400 to 1400 years before present, were tested for the presence of ancient DNA and three microsatellite loci were typed in the specimens that gave positive results. Genotypes were also obtained for 146 individuals corresponding to modern landraces currently cultivated in the same areas and for 21 plants from Argentinian lowland races. Sequence analysis of cloned ancient DNA products revealed a high incidence of substitutions appearing in only one clone, with transitions prevalent. In the archaeological specimens, there was no evidence of polymorphism at any one of the three microsatellite loci: each exhibited a single allelic variant, identical to the most frequent allele found in contemporary populations belonging to races Amarillo Chico, Amarillo Grande, Blanco and Altiplano. Affiliation between ancient specimens and a set of races from the Andean complex was further supported by assignment tests. The striking genetic uniformity displayed by the ancient specimens and their close relationship with the Andean complex suggest that the latter gene pool has predominated in the western regions of southern South America for at least the past 1400 years. The results support hypotheses suggesting that maize cultivation initially spread into South America via a highland route, rather than through the lowlands.

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A history of Proterozoic terranes in southern South America: From Rodinia to Gondwana

Geoscience Frontiers ◽

10.1016/j.gsf.2011.11.004 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 137-145 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

C. Casquet ◽

C.W. Rapela ◽

R.J. Pankhurst ◽

E.G. Baldo ◽

C. Galindo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

South America ◽

Southern South America ◽

History Of

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The evolutionary history of Senna ser. Aphyllae (Leguminosae–Caesalpinioideae), an endemic clade of southern South America

Plant Systematics and Evolution ◽

10.1007/s00606-017-1450-7 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 303 (10) ◽

pp. 1351-1366

Author(s):

Federico O. Robbiati ◽

Ana Anton ◽

Brigitte Marazzi ◽

Marilyn Vásquez-Cruz ◽

Renée H. Fortunato

Keyword(s):

South America ◽

Evolutionary History ◽

Southern South America ◽

History Of

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Modeling the Atmospheric Circulation and Climatic Conditions over Southern South America During the Late History of the Gondwana Supercontinent

Gondwana Landscapes in southern South America ◽

10.1007/978-94-007-7702-6_6 ◽

2014 ◽

pp. 113-134 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rosa Hilda Compagnucci

Keyword(s):

South America ◽

Atmospheric Circulation ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Southern South America ◽

History Of ◽

Gondwana Supercontinent

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Southern hemisphere distributional patterns in plant bugs (Hemiptera:Miridae:Phylinae): Xiphoidellus, gen. nov. from Australia and Ampimpacoris, gen. nov. from Argentina, show transantarctic relationships

Invertebrate Systematics ◽

10.1071/is10002 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 24 (5) ◽

pp. 473 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Christiane Weirauch ◽

Randall T. Schuh

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

South America ◽

Sister Group ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Southern South America ◽

Clear Cut ◽

Distributional Patterns ◽

Close Relationship ◽

Tree Topologies ◽

Cladistic Analyses

Transantarctic distributional patterns are common in many groups of insects and plants including Coleorrhyncha, the sister group of Heteroptera. In contrast, evidence for such patterns within Heteroptera, or true bugs, is rare. We here describe two new genera of Phylini (Miridae : Phylinae) – Xiphoidellus, gen. nov. from Australia with six included species, and the monotypic Ampimpacoris, gen. nov. from Argentina. Xiphoidellus shows relationships to taxa in New Zealand and southern South America. Two sets of cladistic analyses, using equal and implied weights approaches, analyse relationships of the seven new species and 19 or 29 additional phyline taxa using 54 and 45 morphological characters, respectively. Both analyses support the New Zealand endemic genus Xiphoides Eyles & Schuh as the sister group to the Australian Xiphoidellus; Araucanophylus pacificus Carvalho from Chile is the sister taxon to the Xiphoides + Xiphoidellus clade. Affinities of the monotypic genus Ampimpacoris, gen. nov. are less clear cut and may be with a clade of Australian plant bugs or a Nearctic taxon. A primary Brooks parsimony analysis, based on one of the tree topologies, resulted in an area cladogram that proposes a close relationship between Australia and New Zealand, with southern South America being the sister to that area. This pattern differs from the classical vicariance pattern reported for many groups of insects, but is consistent with the ‘southern pattern’ frequently observed in plants.

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Paleogenomics illuminates the evolutionary history of the extinct Holocene “horned” crocodile of Madagascar, Voay robustus

Communications Biology ◽

10.1038/s42003-021-02017-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

E. Hekkala ◽

J. Gatesy ◽

A. Narechania ◽

R. Meredith ◽

M. Russello ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ancient Dna ◽

Evolutionary History ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Sister Group ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Sister Group Relationship ◽

Molecular Fossil ◽

Close Relationship ◽

History Of ◽

Competing Hypotheses

AbstractAncient DNA is transforming our ability to reconstruct historical patterns and mechanisms shaping modern diversity and distributions. In particular, molecular data from extinct Holocene island faunas have revealed surprising biogeographic scenarios. Here, we recovered partial mitochondrial (mt) genomes for 1300–1400 year old specimens (n = 2) of the extinct “horned” crocodile, Voay robustus, collected from Holocene deposits in southwestern Madagascar. Phylogenetic analyses of partial mt genomes and tip-dated timetrees based on molecular, fossil, and stratigraphic data favor a sister group relationship between Voay and Crocodylus (true crocodiles). These well supported trees conflict with recent morphological systematic work that has consistently placed Voay within Osteolaeminae (dwarf crocodiles and kin) and provide evidence for likely homoplasy in crocodylian cranial anatomy and snout shape. The close relationship between Voay and Crocodylus lends additional context for understanding the biogeographic origins of these genera and refines competing hypotheses for the recent extinction of Voay from Madagascar.

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Aimé Bonpland's Drawings of Itá Pucú, 1834, and the History of Early Geological Representations in Argentina

Earth Sciences History ◽

10.17704/eshi.23.1.h21r2x64v412x587 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 121-133

Author(s):

Eduardo Ottone

Keyword(s):

Nineteenth Century ◽

South America ◽

Charles Darwin ◽

Graphical Representation ◽

Southern South America ◽

Alexander Von Humboldt ◽

Geological Maps ◽

History Of ◽

Rocky Outcrops

The early geological representations in Argentina dated from the middle of the nineteenth century when Alcide d'Orbigny, Charles Darwin, Bartholomew James Sulivan, Franz Foetterle, Auguste Bravard, Jakob Christen Heusser and Georges Claraz, and Victor Martin de Moussy accompanied their scientific observations with geological maps, stratigraphic sections or sketches of rocky outcrops. Aimé Bonpland (1773-1858), a French naturalist mainly known by his travels with Alexander von Humboldt and by his contributions on tropical botany, settled in southern South America in 1817, and displayed a relevant activity as botanist, zoologist, paleontologist, and geologist. In this last field, Bonpland prepared in 1834 a series of drafts and drawings about the geology of the Itá Pucú that constitute one of the first geological representations to the country and it is the first document providing a detailed description and a schematic graphical representation of a sedimentary outcrop.

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Shell variability in Tawera gayi (Veneridae) from southern South America: a morphometric approach based on contour analysis

Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom ◽

10.1017/s0025315410000391 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 91 (4) ◽

pp. 815-822 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Sandra Gordillo ◽

Federico Márquez ◽

Javiera Cárdenas ◽

Miguel Ángel Zubimendi

Keyword(s):

South America ◽

Late Quaternary ◽

Common Species ◽

Tierra Del Fuego ◽

Elliptic Fourier Analysis ◽

Contour Analysis ◽

Southern South America ◽

Morphological Variations ◽

Marine Deposits ◽

History Of

This study analyses the significance of shell morphological variations in the venerid clam Tawera gayi, a typical element of shallow marine soft bottoms in southern South America and the most common species recovered from Late Quaternary marine deposits along the Beagle Channel, Tierra del Fuego. Fossil and modern Tawera shells from different localities around the southern tip of South America were analysed using the Elliptic Fourier Analysis (EFA) method. Taking into account the palaeontological history of this genus in the southern hemisphere, EFA was also performed on shells of Tawera congeners from South Africa (T. philomela) and New Zealand (T. spissa). The use of EFA permitted the distinction between the three Tawera species and geographical differentiation in the T. gayi groups. These morphological variations of T. gayi appear best related to ecophenotypic plasticity as a response to different environmental conditions, although the palaeobiogeographical history of Tawera in South America cannot be ruled out.

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Detection of natural hybridization and delimitation of two closely related operational taxonomic units of the Astyanax fasciatus (Teleostei: Characidae) complex through integrative approaches

Biological Journal of the Linnean Society ◽

10.1093/biolinnean/blz199 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 129 (3) ◽

pp. 687-700

Author(s):

Mariane Gavazzoni ◽

Carla S Pavanelli ◽

Weferson J Graça ◽

Bruno F Melo ◽

Éder André Gubiani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

South America ◽

Evolutionary History ◽

Natural Hybridization ◽

Secondary Contact ◽

Sequence Analyses ◽

Southern South America ◽

Operational Taxonomic Units ◽

Astyanax Fasciatus ◽

History Of ◽

Uruguay River

Abstract Astyanax is a species-rich, non-monophyletic genus composed of several supraspecific taxa that are poorly delimited. The Astyanax fasciatus complex is one of these taxa and shows high taxonomic complexity. To elucidate the evolutionary history of the A. fasciatus complex from southern South America, we conducted cytogenetic, molecular and morphological analyses in specimens from the Uruguay River basin. Cytogenetic characters demonstrated two closely related operational taxonomic units: Astyanax sp. 1 (8m+22sm+10st+6a), Astyanax sp. 2 (8m+24sm+10st+4a) and natural hybrids (8m+23sm+8st+5a). 5S ribosomal DNA sites were found in two pairs of m chromosomes and one pair of a chromosomes in Astyanax sp. 1, two pairs of a chromosomes and one pair of m chromosomes in Astyanax sp. 2, and three m chromosomes and three a chromosomes in hybrids. As51 sites were found in three chromosomes in Astyanax sp. 1 and in five chromosomes in Astyanax sp. 2 and hybrids. Mitochondrial sequence analyses did not separate the two units and hybrids. Morphological analyses revealed differences between Astyanax sp. 2 and hybrids. This secondary contact with gene flow between lineages that diverged long ago might slow or reverse the differentiation/speciation process. These results help us to understand the evolutionary history of this highly complex clade of Astyanax in southern South America.

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