A spatiotemporal analysis of inequalities in life expectancy and 20 causes of mortality in sub-neighbourhoods of Metro Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, 1990–2016

In 1900, life expectancy in the U.S. was 47 years and infectious diseases were the leading cause of mortality; today, life expectancy in the U.S. is almost 80 years and chronic diseases are the leading causes of mortality. Eighty percent of adults 65 and older have multiple chronic health conditions, which are costly to treat. Offering older adults an evidence-based self-management program can reduce medical costs and improve patient outcomes and quality of life. Research has shown that self-efficacy is a key factor in effective self-management programs. The Chronic Disease Self-Management Program (CDSMP) is an evidence-based program that helps patients to boost their self-efficacy and improve their disease self-management, under the supervision of a physician. In addition, the use of evidence-based complementary modalities is recommended as part of an integrative approach to self-management to help patients manage the daily anger, fear, and depression that frequently accompany living with an incurable disease.

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Particulate matter air pollution and national and county life expectancy loss in the USA: A spatiotemporal analysis

PLoS Medicine ◽

10.1371/journal.pmed.1002856 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (7) ◽

pp. e1002856 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

James E. Bennett ◽

Helen Tamura-Wicks ◽

Robbie M. Parks ◽

Richard T. Burnett ◽

C. Arden Pope ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Particulate Matter ◽

Life Expectancy ◽

Spatiotemporal Analysis ◽

The Usa

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Eating and learning about food at school and on campus:

Canadian Food Studies / La Revue canadienne des études sur l alimentation ◽

10.15353/cfs-rcea.v8i4.460 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Estevan Leopoldo de Freitas Coca

Keyword(s):

British Columbia ◽

Qualitative Analysis ◽

Public Procurement ◽

Learning Processes ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Metro Vancouver ◽

Educational Spaces ◽

Practical Development ◽

Teaching Learning ◽

The Relationship

Food is an interdisciplinary topic that transverses different areas of knowledge, allowing it to be used as a pedagogical resource in numerous teaching-learning processes and environments. This paper seeks to contribute to early debates on the relationship between public procurement and food pedagogies in schools and universities, a topic that is still little addressed in the literature. I explore the Farm to Cafeteria Canada (F2CC) network in Metro Vancouver, British Columbia, which beyond institutional procurement recognises food as a pedagogical resource at schools and on campus. My research is based on 18 site visits and qualitative analysis of documents and 9 semi-structured interviews conducted with institutional administrators associated with F2CC in Metro Vancouver. This paper demonstrates how the F2CC network activities in Metro Vancouver contribute not only to food procurement, but also to the practical development of pedagogical activities from different areas of knowledge and in different educational spaces.

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Differential spatial distribution of hepatitis B virus by ethnicity in British Columbia, Canada: Expanded role of a large administrative cohort

International Journal for Population Data Science ◽

10.23889/ijpds.v3i4.846 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Zahid Butt ◽

Naveed Janjua ◽

Stanley Wong ◽

Amanda Yu ◽

Maria Alvarez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

British Columbia ◽

Hepatitis B Virus ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Urban Areas ◽

South Asians ◽

Hbv Infection ◽

East Asians ◽

Metro Vancouver ◽

B Virus

IntroductionMost chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections in Canada are diagnosed among immigrants from endemic countries and lack traditional risk factors while most acute infections are usually diagnosed in Caucasian population with co-occurring risk factors. Thus, understanding geographical distribution of HBV infection by ethnicity could inform screening and care strategies. Objectives and ApproachWe identified geographic clusters of HBV infection in British Columbia by ethnicity during the years 1990-2015 using the BC Hepatitis Testers Cohort (BC-HTC). The BC-HTC includes ~1.7 million individuals tested for HCV or HIV at the BC Public Health Laboratory or reported as a case of HCV, HIV, or HBV linked to healthcare administrative databases. We plotted maps of HBV diagnoses (acute and chronic) rate at the Dissemination Area level between 1990-2015 stratified by ethnicity and compared this distribution with injection drug use (IDU) distribution in BC. ResultsThe distribution of HBV varied considerably by ethnicity. From 1990 to 2015, a higher rate of HBV infection was found among East Asians and Caucasians followed by South Asians and other ethnicities. East Asians with highest rates were mainly concentrated in Vancouver city, Burnaby and Richmond (Metro Vancouver) while South Asians with highest rates were mostly concentrated in urban areas in Surrey and Abbotsford. Caucasians with higher rates were clustered in Downtown Eastside in Vancouver, Surrey and Abbotsford (Metro Vancouver) and urban areas in Greater Victoria (Vancouver Island), Prince George (Northern BC) and Kamloops (Interior BC). The distribution of IDU closely followed the distribution of HBV among Caucasians but did not align with other ethnic groups. Conclusion/ImplicationsResults highlight distinct areas of HBV infection clustering by ethnicity, which differ from areas with high IDU distribution except in Caucasians. Findings support ethnicity-based HBV screening/prevention and care services to areas with immigrants from HBV-endemic countries and integrated HBV and harm reduction services for early diagnosis and treatment in Caucasians.

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Life expectancy and risk of death in 6791 communities in England from 2002 to 2019: high-resolution spatiotemporal analysis of civil registration data

The Lancet Public Health ◽

10.1016/s2468-2667(21)00205-x ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Theo Rashid ◽

James E Bennett ◽

Christopher J Paciorek ◽

Yvonne Doyle ◽

Jonathan Pearson-Stuttard ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Resolution ◽

Life Expectancy ◽

Spatiotemporal Analysis ◽

Civil Registration ◽

Risk Of Death ◽

Registration Data

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Vital Signs for Metro Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research ◽

10.1007/978-94-007-0753-5_104435 ◽

2014 ◽

pp. 6956-6956

Keyword(s):

British Columbia ◽

Vital Signs ◽

Metro Vancouver

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Abstract 9876: Optimizing Public Naloxone Kit Locations Through Mathematical Modeling

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.144.suppl_2.9876 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 144 (Suppl_2) ◽

Author(s):

K.H. Benjamin Leung ◽

Brian Grunau ◽

May K Lee ◽

Jane Buxton ◽

Jennie Helmer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

British Columbia ◽

Public Transit ◽

Mathematical Optimization ◽

Public Access ◽

Walking Distance ◽

Opioid Overdose ◽

Automated External Defibrillators ◽

Metro Vancouver ◽

Out Of Sample ◽

Bus Stops

Introduction: Use of bystander-administered naloxone may lead to improved likelihood of recovery from opioid overdose. We sought to determine the accessibility of public access naloxone kits on nearby opioid overdose incidents if placed at public transit stops, compared to placing kits outside pharmacies or with existing public access automated external defibrillators (PADs). Methods: We included all incidents in Metro Vancouver, British Columbia responded to by British Columbia Emergency Health Services coded as a drug overdose with naloxone administered on-scene (Dec. 2014 to Aug. 2020). We geo-coded all public transit bus stops and used a mathematical optimization model to select bus stops where publicly accessible naloxone kits could be placed to maximize accessibility (defined as ≤100 m walking distance) to opioid overdoses. We evaluated accessibility on out-of-sample OHCAs using five-fold cross validation and compared against two baseline policies: placing publicly accessible naloxone kits at all pharmacies identified by the College of Pharmacists of British Columbia, and placing kits at all PADs identified by the British Columbia AED Registry. Statistical analysis was conducted using McNemar’s test. Results: We identified 14,318 opioid overdoses, 8,972 bus stops, 736 pharmacies, and 425 PADs. Accessibility of public naloxone kits for opioid overdose locations was 5.1% when placed at all pharmacies and 3.5% when placed with all existing PADs. Optimized naloxone kit placement using bus stops as candidate locations resulted in significantly higher accessibility than both pharmacy and PAD-based placement at 14.8% with 10 optimized locations (P<0.001), increasing to 36.7% with 500 locations (P<0.001). Conclusion: Optimizing placement of public access naloxone kits at select public transit locations can provide significantly higher accessibility to opioid overdose locations compared to placement at pharmacies or at existing PAD locations.

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Koreans in Vancouver: A Short History

Journal of the Canadian Historical Association ◽

10.7202/037752ar ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 155-180 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Don Baker

Keyword(s):

British Columbia ◽

Cultural Landscape ◽

Korean Population ◽

Visible Minority ◽

Short History ◽

Korean Language ◽

Minority Communities ◽

Significant Component ◽

Metro Vancouver ◽

Chinese Canadian

Abstract The Korean-Canadian community in Vancouver is relatively new, compared to older Asian-Canadian communities such as the Chinese-Canadian and the Indo-Canadian communities. However, Koreans now constitute one of the more visible minority communities in the area. A rapid increase in immigration from Korea led to Koreans establishing churches and restaurants throughout the Vancouver area, and identifying those churches with Korean-language signs. The rise in the number of Koreans living in the southwestern corner of the BC mainland has also led to the emergence of a cluster of stores and offices in the middle of Metro Vancouver that is large enough to merit the label "Koreatown." In addition, downtown Vancouver is filled with students who have come from Korea to study English, further heightening awareness of a substantial Korean population in the Vancouver area. In just a few decades, Korean-Canadians have emerged as a significant component of the multi-cultural landscape of British Columbia.

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