scholarly journals A spatiotemporal analysis of inequalities in life expectancy and 20 causes of mortality in sub-neighbourhoods of Metro Vancouver, Canada, 1990-2016

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Yu ◽  
Laura Dwyer Lindgren ◽  
James Bennett ◽  
Majid Ezzati ◽  
Paul Gustafson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Spatiotemporal Analysis ◽  
Metro Vancouver ◽  
Causes Of Mortality

The Role of Self-Efficacy and Aging in Managing Disease

2020 ◽  
pp. 207-253
Author(s):  
Debra N. Weiss-Randall
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Quality Of Life Research ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Causes Of Mortality ◽  
The U.S

In 1900, life expectancy in the U.S. was 47 years and infectious diseases were the leading cause of mortality; today, life expectancy in the U.S. is almost 80 years and chronic diseases are the leading causes of mortality. Eighty percent of adults 65 and older have multiple chronic health conditions, which are costly to treat. Offering older adults an evidence-based self-management program can reduce medical costs and improve patient outcomes and quality of life. Research has shown that self-efficacy is a key factor in effective self-management programs. The Chronic Disease Self-Management Program (CDSMP) is an evidence-based program that helps patients to boost their self-efficacy and improve their disease self-management, under the supervision of a physician. In addition, the use of evidence-based complementary modalities is recommended as part of an integrative approach to self-management to help patients manage the daily anger, fear, and depression that frequently accompany living with an incurable disease.

scholarly journals Particulate matter air pollution and national and county life expectancy loss in the USA: A spatiotemporal analysis

PLoS Medicine ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e1002856 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Bennett ◽  
Helen Tamura-Wicks ◽  
Robbie M. Parks ◽  
Richard T. Burnett ◽  
C. Arden Pope ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Spatiotemporal Analysis ◽  
The Usa

scholarly journals Excess mortality in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders in Malaga (Spain): A cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berta Moreno-Küstner ◽  
Jose Guzman-Parra ◽  
Yolanda Pardo ◽  
Yolanda Sanchidrián ◽  
Sebastián Díaz-Ruiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Excess Mortality ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Case Register ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Causes Of Mortality ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

Abstract Aims There is evidence that patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders present higher mortality in comparison with the general population. The aim of this study was to analyse the causes of mortality and sociodemographic factors associated with mortality, standardised mortality ratios (SMRs), life expectancy and potential years of life lost (YLL) in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders in Spain. Methods The study included a cohort of patients from the Malaga Schizophrenia Case Register (1418 patients; 907 males; average age 42.31 years) who were followed up for a minimum of 10 years (median = 13.43). The factors associated with mortality were analysed with a survival analysis using Cox's proportional hazards regression model. Results The main causes of mortality in the cohort were circulatory disease (21.45%), cancer (17.09%) and suicide (13.09%). The SMR of the cohort was more than threefold that of the population of Malaga (3.19). The life expectancy at birth was 67.11 years old, which is more than 13 years shorter than that of the population of Malaga. The YLL was 20.74. The variables associated with a higher risk of mortality were age [adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) = 1.069, p < 0.001], male gender (AHR = 1.751, p < 0.001) and type of area of residence (p = 0.028; deprived urban zone v. non-deprived urban area, AHR = 1.460, p = 0.028). In addition, receiving welfare benefit status in comparison with employed status (AHR = 1.940, p = 0.008) was associated with increased mortality. Conclusions There is excess mortality in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and also an association with age, gender, socioeconomic inequalities and receiving welfare benefits. Efforts directed towards improved living conditions could have a positive effect on reducing mortality.

scholarly journals Covid-19 Will Reduce US Life Expectancy at Birth by More Than One Year in 2020

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Heuveline
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Opioid Overdose ◽  
Cumulative Number ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
Johns Hopkins University ◽  
Causes Of Mortality ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The U.S

AbstractOn December 3rd, 2020, the cumulative number of U.S. Covid-19 deaths tallied by Johns Hopkins University (JHU) online dashboard reached 275,000, surpassing the number at which life table calculations show Covid-19 mortality will lower the U.S. life expectancy at birth (LEB) for 2020 by one full year. Such an impact on the U.S. LEB is unprecedented since the end of World War II. With additional deaths by the year end, the reduction in 2020 LEB induced by Covid-19 deaths will inexorably exceed one year. Factoring the expected continuation of secular gains against other causes of mortality, the U.S. LEB should still drop by more than a full year between 2019 and 2020. By comparison, the opioid-overdose crisis led to a decline in U.S. LEB averaging .1 year annually, from 78.9 years in 2014 to 78.6 years in 2017. At its peak, the HIV epidemic reduced the U.S. LEB by .3 year in a single year, from 75.8 years in 1992 to 75.5 years in 1993. As of now, the US LEB is expected to fall back to the level it first reached in 2010. In other words, the impact of Covid-19 on U.S. mortality can be expected to cancel a decade of gains against all other causes of mortality combined.

The Role of Self-Efficacy and Aging in Managing Disease

2017 ◽  
pp. 176-212
Author(s):  
Debra N. Weiss-Randall
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Quality Of Life Research ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Causes Of Mortality ◽  
The U.S

In 1900, life expectancy in the U.S. was 47 years and infectious diseases were the leading cause of mortality; today, life expectancy in the U.S. is almost 80 years and chronic diseases are the leading causes of mortality. Eighty percent of adults 65 and older have multiple chronic health conditions, which are costly to treat. Offering older adults an evidence-based self-management program can reduce medical costs and improve patient outcomes and quality of life. Research has shown that self-efficacy is a key factor in effective self-management programs. The Chronic Disease Self-Management Program (CDSMP) is an evidence-based program that helps patients to boost their self-efficacy and improve their disease self-management, under the supervision of a physician. In addition, the use of evidence-based complementary modalities is recommended as part of an integrative approach to self-management to help patients manage the daily anger, fear, and depression that frequently accompany living with an incurable disease.

scholarly journals Age and gender aspects of HIV-infected patients mortality

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 51-59
Author(s):  
N. V. Matsiyeuskaya ◽  
T. I. Kashevnik ◽  
A. V. Kopytski ◽  
A. E. Skhazka
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Medical Documentation ◽  
Average Life Expectancy ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Causes Of Mortality ◽  
Gender Aspects ◽  
And Gender

Aim of study: to present the causes of mortality in HIV-infected patients, taking into account age and gender aspects.Materials and methods. The frequency, causes of mortality in the group of 284 HIV-infected patients are analyzed. Among them were 190 (66,9%) men, 94 (33,1%) women. The average age of patients was 45,3±4,2 years. The medical documentation of patients were retrospectively analyzed.Results. In the analyzed group of deceased HIV-infected patients, the overwhelming majority were young people under 40 years old (61.6%) compared with people who died between the ages of 41–50 years old — 73 (25,7%) and 51 years old and older 36 (12,7%) (p<0,05). In all age groups, the proportion of deceased men significantly (more than 2 times) exceeded the proportion of women. Among young males, co-infection with viruses of parenteral hepatitis, tuberculosis and alcohol abuse is more common. Over 70% of deceased patients did not receive ART or were on short courses of therapy (less than 1 year). The average life expectancy after HIV-infection diagnosis was 5,8±4,4 years and did not differ depending on the gender and age of the patients. AIDS-related causes of death accounted for 141 (49,6%) cases, nonAIDS-associated — 143 (50,4%). Among AIDSrelated causes, tuberculosis was the most frequent (59/20,8%). Among non AIDS-associated causes, death was associated with the decompensation of liver cirrhosis. A significant influence on the formation of AIDS-associated mortality of a complex of factors — co-infection with viruses of parenteral hepatitis, the presence of «advanced» stages of HIV infection, alcoholism and life expectancy with HIV infection, must be taken into account when monitoring HIV-infected patients.

scholarly journals Impact of nutritional status on heart failure mortality: a retrospective cohort study

2022 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nafiz Abdoul Carime ◽  
Jonathan Cottenet ◽  
Guillaume Clerfond ◽  
Romain Eschalier ◽  
Didier Quilliot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Obesity Paradox ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Causes Of Mortality ◽  
Public And Private Hospitals ◽  
One Year

Abstract Background Chronic heart failure (CHF) is one of the most common causes of mortality in industrialized countries despite regular therapeutic advances. Numerous factors influence mortality in CHF patients, including nutritional status. It is known that malnutrition is a risk factor for mortality, whereas obesity may play a protective role, a phenomenon dubbed the “obesity paradox”. However, the effect of the obesity-malnutrition association on mortality has not been previously studied for CHF. Our aim was to study the effect of nutritional status on overall mortality in CHF patients. Methods This retrospective, multicenter study was based on a French nationwide database (PMSI). We included all CHF patients aged ≥18 years admitted to all public and private hospitals between 2012 and 2016 and performed a survival analysis over 1 to 4 years of follow-up. Results Malnutrition led to a significant decrease in life expectancy in CHF patients when compared with normal nutritional status (aHR=1.16 [1.14-1.18] at one year and aHR=1.04 [1.004-1.08] at four years), obese, and obese-malnutrition groups. In contrast, obesity led to a significant increase in life expectancy compared with normal nutritional status (aHR=0.75 [0.73-0.78] at one year and aHR=0.85 [0.81-0.90] at four years), malnutrition, and obese-malnutrition groups. The mortality rate was similar in patients presenting both malnutrition and obesity and patients with normal nutritional status. Conclusions Our results indicate that the protective effect on mortality observed in obese CHF patients seems to be linked to fat massincrease. Furthermore, malnourished obese and normal nutritional status patients had similar mortality rates. Further studies should be conducted to confirm our results and to explore the physiopathological mechanisms behind these effects.

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