Lead and cadmium blood levels and transfer to milk in cattle reared in a mining area

Abstract BackgroundAlzheimer’s disease (AD), an age-related neurodegenerative disease characterized by loss of memory has been attributed to oxidative stress induced by accumulation of Amyloid (Aβ) protein in the brain; environmental and genetic alterations have been implicated as the pathogenesis of the disease. This work investigated levels of selected trace (Iron, Zinc and Copper) and toxic (Cadmium and Lead) metals in AD patients.MethodIn this case-control study, a total of 38 participants (aged ≥ 60 years) consisting of 18 clinically diagnosed AD subjects and 20 apparently healthy age-matched adults were recruited from the University College Hospital Ibadan Geriatric Centre. Semi-structured questionnaire was used to obtain demographic information, clinical history, lifestyle and dietary patterns from participants. Blood levels of iron, copper, zinc, lead and cadmium were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS); levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and total plasma peroxide (TPP) were determined spectrophotometrically, while oxidative stress index (OSI) and copper to zinc ratio (Cu:Zn) were calculated.ResultsMean plasma level of zinc was significantly lower in cases (86.04 ± 11.07 µg/dl) compared to controls (108.80 ± 12.47 µg/dl), while blood lead (13.85 ± 2.96 µg/dl, 8.32 ± 2.10 µg/dl) and cadmium (1.34 ± 0.71 µg/L, 0.71 ± 0.14 µg/L) levels were significantly higher in cases than in controls respectively. Although Fe and Cu levels were similar in cases and controls, Cu:Zn ratio was significantly elevated in cases compared to controls (p = 0.000). Though other OS markers were not significantly different in both groups, TPP was significantly higher in cases (64.96 ± 7.20 µmol/H2O2 vs. 55.41 ± 2.38 µmol/H2O2) while MDA correlated inversely with TAC in cases (r= − 0.477, p = 0.045).DiscussionThe low plasma Zn coupled with high blood Pb and Cd levels may precipitate the elevated TPP and Cu:Zn ratio in cases. The reduced metallothionine defense of the system as indicated by the elevated Cu:Zn ratio in cases may also exacerbate this problem.ConclusionThe damaging effect of increasing toxic metal levels may be accentuating development of oxidative stress facilitating the progression of AD.

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The biochemical effects of occupational exposure to lead and cadmium on markers of oxidative stress and antioxidant enzymes activity in the blood of glazers in tile industry

Toxicology and Industrial Health ◽

10.1177/0748233718769526 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 34 (7) ◽

pp. 459-467 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Maryam Hormozi ◽

Ramazan Mirzaei ◽

Alireza Nakhaee ◽

Shahrokh Izadi ◽

Javid Dehghan Haghighi

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Antioxidant Enzymes ◽

Occupational Exposure ◽

Control Group ◽

Blood Levels ◽

Biochemical Effects ◽

Lead And Cadmium ◽

Total Antioxidant ◽

Markers Of Oxidative Stress

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of occupational exposure to lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) on markers of oxidative stress in glazers in tile industries. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), and the activity of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were determined in the blood of 80 subjects, including 40 glazers and 40 nonexposed subjects. Mean levels of blood Cd (8.90 ± 2.80 µg/L) and blood Pb (62.90 ± 38.10 µg/L) of glazers showed a significant increase compared with the control group. In the serum of glazers, the level of MDA was significantly higher and the level of TAC was significantly lower than the control group. We have noted a disturbance in the levels of antioxidants by a significant increase in the CAT activity and a significant decrease in the activities of SOD and GPx in the serum of glazers compared with the controls. Correlation analysis demonstrated that the serum MDA level and CAT activity were positively associated with the blood levels of Pb and Cd. Also, GPx and SOD were negatively correlated with blood Cd levels. The study clearly indicated that co-exposure to Cd and Pb can induce oxidative stress in glazers, resulting in increased lipid peroxidation and altered antioxidant enzymes.

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Association of blood heavy metal levels with osteocalcin abnormality and incidence of osteoporosis in Saudi subjects

Brazilian Journal of Biology ◽

10.1590/1519-6984.248828 ◽

2023 ◽

Vol 83 ◽

Author(s):

A. A. Banjabi ◽

K. Kannan ◽

T. A. Kumosani ◽

J. M. Yousef ◽

K. O. Abulnaja ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Lead ◽

Significant Negative Correlation ◽

Control Group ◽

Blood Levels ◽

P Value ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Lead And Cadmium ◽

Metal Levels ◽

Healthy Control ◽

Cadmium And Lead

Abstract Serum toxic metals have been implicated in development of many diseases. This study investigated the association between blood levels of lead and cadmium with abnormal bone mineral density (BMD) and incidence of osteoporosis. Sixty Saudi male adults age matching were assigned into two groups: A healthy control group (n = 30) and osteoporosis patients diagnosed according to T-score (n = 30). Serum calcium, vitamin D, osteocalcin, lead, cadmium were measured. Osteoporotic group showed a highly significant elevation of blood lead and cadmium levels compared to the control group (p <0.001). BMD was negatively correlated with serum osteocalcin level compared with control. There was a significant negative correlation between the cadmium and lead levels (r=-0.465 and p-value = 0.01) and calcium (p < 0.004). Our findings suggested that high cadmium and lead were negative correlated to BMD and increased the risk factor for osteoporosis.

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The determinants of lead and cadmium blood levels for preschool children from industrially contaminated sites in Poland

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health ◽

10.13075/ijomeh.1896.01153 ◽

2017 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Małgorzata Kowalska ◽

Elżbieta Kulka ◽

Wanda Jarosz ◽

Michał Kowalski

Keyword(s):

Preschool Children ◽

Contaminated Sites ◽

Blood Levels ◽

Lead And Cadmium

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Exposure of Children to Lead and Cadmium from a Mining Area of Brazil

Environmental Research ◽

10.1006/enrs.2001.4311 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 88 (2) ◽

pp. 120-128 ◽

Cited By ~ 57

Author(s):

Monica Maria Bastos Paoliello ◽

Eduardo Mello De Capitani ◽

Fernanda Gonçalves da Cunha ◽

Tiemi Matsuo ◽

Maria de Fátima Carvalho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mining Area ◽

Lead And Cadmium

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Food Intake and Blood Levels of Mercury, Lead, and Cadmium Among Healthy Reproductive Aged Women (P18-024-19)

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzz039.p18-024-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Keewan Kim ◽

Carrie Nobles ◽

Alexandra Purdue-Smithe ◽

Jean Wactawski-Wende ◽

Anna Pollack ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

Food Intake ◽

Toxic Metals ◽

Premenopausal Women ◽

Food Sources ◽

Blood Levels ◽

Green Beans ◽

Green Pepper ◽

Lead And Cadmium ◽

Reproductive Aged Women

Abstract Objectives Exposure to toxic metals mostly occurs via contaminated food intake. Though toxic metals adversely affect reproductive health, common food sources among reproductive aged women are less understood. We addressed this gap among healthy premenopausal women, residing in western New York, 2005–2007. Methods Women enrolled in the BioCycle Study (n = 249, mean age 27.4 years and body mass index [BMI] 24.1 kg/m2) completed a baseline food frequency questionnaire and provided blood samples to measure levels of mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd). We used linear regression to examine associations between food intake and log-transformed toxic metals, adjusted for age, BMI, race, smoking, physical activity, and intakes of total energy, protein, fat, and fiber. Models were adjusted for false discovery rate. Results Total fish intake ≥ 1 serving per day was associated with 54.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] 36.1, 75.9) higher Hg levels, compared to <1 serving. Specific fish intakes (i.e., canned tuna, fried fish, shellfish, white fish, and dark fish) were also associated with higher Hg levels. Though total meat intakes were not associated with Hg, intakes of lunch meat (28.1%), beef, pork, and lamb (21.0%), and chicken and turkey (43.5%) were associated with higher Hg levels, compared to no intake. Intakes of specific vegetables, including red pepper (17.4%), green beans (20.1%), summer (24.7%) and winter squash (19.3%), and garlic (18.5%) were associated with higher Hg. Total fruit intake ≥ 1 serving per day was also positively associated with Hg (18.7%, 95% CI 4.8, 34.5), compared to <1 serving, particularly with bananas (21.6%, >0 versus no intake). Compared to no intake, green pepper (11.8%) and cauliflower (9.9%) were positively associated with Pb, whereas apples were inversely associated with Pb (−14.6%). No associations were found between food intakes and Cd in our data. Conclusions We found that intakes of certain foods are related to a higher blood level of toxic metals among reproductive aged women with metals level typical of the US population. Given the nutritional values of these food items, further research on food preparations (e.g., washing, packing) to reduce toxic metals exposure is needed. Funding Sources Intramural Research Program, DIPHR, NICHD.

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