Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy conjugated silver nanoparticle ameliorates testicular injury in type-2 diabetic rats

Abstract Background We present an unusual case of a patient who developed four melanomas within a few months of diagnosis with human immunodeficiency virus and commencement of highly active antiretroviral therapy therapy. The patient had no previous history of melanoma, and previous skin checks were normal. Case presentation A 50-year-old Caucasian male drainlayer with Fitzpatrick type 2 skin presented for a routine skin examination. He had been diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus 4 months earlier and commenced on highly active antiretroviral therapy therapy. He was found to have three melanomas (melanoma in situ stage) on excision biopsies, and when he presented for wider excisions of these sites a few weeks later, another new melanoma in situ was found. He had no other medical history of note, and no symptoms to report. He is being followed up 3-monthly. Conclusions This case of a human immunodeficiency virus-positive person presenting with four cutaneous melanomas—occurring in both synchronous and metachronous fashion within a 4-month period—is being presented both for its uniqueness and also to highlight the increased need for close skin surveillance in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients.

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Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy-silver Nanoparticle Conjugate Alleviates Anxiety-like Behaviour in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1025387/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sodiq Kolawole Lawal ◽

Samuel Oluwaseun Olojede ◽

Ayobami Dare ◽

Oluwaseun Samuel Faborode ◽

Edwin C. Stephen Naidu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Blood Glucose Level ◽

Glucose Level ◽

Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Sod Activity ◽

Faecal Pellets ◽

Highly Active

Abstract Background: The inception of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has changed the management of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive patients, and their life expectancy has improved. However, neurological complications associated with chronic HAART administration has not been fully addressed. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the potential benefits of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) conjugates on the anxiogenic effects of HAART in type-2 diabetic rats. Methods: Forty-two (42) adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (250 ± 13 g) were divided into non-diabetic and diabetic groups. After induction of diabetes, non-diabetic and diabetic animals were administered either with de-ionized water (DW), HAART (98.2 mg/kg, p.o) or AgNPs +HAART (24.5 mg/kg, i. p) for 8 weeks. Thereafter, metabolic biomarkers, oxidative injury, tissue inflammation, and behavioural changes were evaluated, while the prefrontal cortex was excised for neurochemical analysis. Results: The HAART-treated diabetic rats showed a significant increase in blood glucose level, number of faecal pellets, malondialdehyde (MDA), and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β) while locomotion, reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and PFC-GFAP positive cells were significantly reduced compared with diabetic control. However, administration of AgNPs +HAART to diabetic rats significantly improved the blood glucose level, metabolic activities, SOD, GSH, PFC-GFAP positive cells while reducing MDA and anxiety-like behaviour in the open field test. Conclusion: Administration of HAART aggravates anxiety-like behaviours and promotes neurotoxic effects in the PFC of diabetic rats. However, AgNPs +HAART alleviates the 3 anxiogenic effects of HAART and preserves PFC-GFAP positive cells by reducing oxidative and neuroinflammatory injury.

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