Spatial and temporal synthesis of Mamestra configurata peritrophic matrix through a larval stadium

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 89-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umut Toprak ◽  
Dwayne D. Hegedus ◽  
Doug Baldwin ◽  
Cathy Coutu ◽  
Martin Erlandson
Keyword(s):  
Peritrophic Matrix ◽  
Mamestra Configurata

scholarly journals Role of enhancin in Mamestra configurata nucleopolyhedrovirus virulence: selective degradation of host peritrophic matrix proteins

2012 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 744-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umut Toprak ◽  
Stephanie Harris ◽  
Douglas Baldwin ◽  
David Theilmann ◽  
Cedric Gillott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Matrix Proteins ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Peritrophic Matrix ◽  
Mamestra Configurata ◽  
Selective Degradation ◽  
Occlusion Bodies ◽  
Metalloprotease Inhibitor

To infect per os, baculovirus virions cross the peritrophic matrix (PM) to reach the midgut epithelium. Insect intestinal mucins (IIMs) are PM proteins that protect the PM and aid passage of the food bolus through the gut. Some baculoviruses, including Mamestra configurata nucleopolyhedrovirus (MacoNPV-A), encode metalloproteases, known as enhancins, that facilitate infection by degrading IIMs. We examined the interaction between MacoNPV-A enhancin and M. configurata IIMs both in vivo and in vitro. Per os inoculation of M. configurata larvae with MacoNPV-A occlusion bodies (OBs) resulted in the degradation of McIIM4 within 4 h of OB ingestion, while McIIM2 was unaffected. The PM recovered by 8 h post-inoculation. To investigate whether enhancin was responsible for the degradation of IIM, a recombinant Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus expressing MacoNPV enhancin (AcMNPV-enMP2) was constructed. Enhancin was found to be a component of occlusion-derived virions in AcMNPV-enMP2 and MacoNPV-A. In in vitro assays, McIIM4 was degraded after MacoNPV-A and AcMNPV-enMP2 treatments. Degradation of McIIM4 was inhibited by EDTA, a metalloprotease inhibitor, indicating that the degradation was due to enhancin activity. Thus, MacoNPV-A enhancin is able to degrade major structural PM proteins, but exhibits target substrate specificity.

Modeling the structure of the Type I peritrophic matrix: characterization of a Mamestra configurata intestinal mucin and a novel peritrophin containing 19 chitin binding domains

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 1101-1115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianzong Shi ◽  
Mahmood Chamankhah ◽  
Savita Visal-Shah ◽  
Sean M. Hemmingsen ◽  
Martin Erlandson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type I ◽  
Peritrophic Matrix ◽  
Mamestra Configurata ◽  
Binding Domains ◽  
Intestinal Mucin

scholarly journals Identifying and Characterizing a Novel Peritrophic Matrix Protein (MdPM-17) Associated With Antibacterial Response From the Housefly, Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Wang ◽  
Jinzhi Cheng ◽  
Man Luo ◽  
Jianwei Wu ◽  
Guo Guo
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptide ◽  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Matrix Protein ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Malpighian Tubule ◽  
Peritrophic Membrane ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Peritrophic Matrix ◽  
Amino Acid Residues

Abstract Peritrophic matrix/membrane (PM) critically prevents the midgut of insects from external invasion by microbes. The proteins in the peritrophic membrane are its major structural components. Additionally, they determine the formation and function of this membrane. However, the role of PM proteins in immune regulation is unclear. Herein, we isolated a novel PM protein (MdPM-17) from Musca domestica larvae. Further, the function of MdPM-17 in regulating host innate immunity was identified. Results showed that the cDNA of MdPM-17 full is 635 bp in length. Moreover, it consists of a 477-bp open reading frame encoding 158 amino acid residues. These amino acid residues are composed of two Chitin-binding type-2 domain (ChtBD2) and 19 amino acids as a signal peptide. Moreover, tissue distribution analysis indicates that MdPM-17 was enriched expressed in midgut, and moderate levels in the fat body, foregut, and malpighian tubule. Notably, MdPM-17 recombinant protein showed high chitin-binding capacity, thus belongs to the Class III PM protein group. MdPM-17 protein silencing via RNA interference resulted in the expression of antimicrobial peptide (defensin, cecropins, and diptericin) genes, and this occurred after oral inoculation with exogenous microbes Escherichia coli (Enterobacteriales:Enterobacteriaceae), Staphylococcus aureus (Bacillales:Staphylococcaceae), and Candida albicans (Endomycetales:Saccharomycetaceae)). Therefore, all the antimicrobial peptide (AMP) gene expression levels are high in MdPM-17-depleted larvae during microbial infection compared to controls. Consequently, these findings indicate that MdPM-17 protein is associated with the antibacterial response from the housefly.

A novel role for the peritrophic matrix in protecting Leishmania from the hydrolytic activities of the sand fly midgut

Parasitology ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 115 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. F. P. PIMENTA ◽  
G. B. MODI ◽  
S. T. PEREIRA ◽  
M. SHAHABUDDIN ◽  
D. L. SACKS
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Enzymes ◽  
Leishmania Major ◽  
Specific Inhibitor ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Peritrophic Matrix ◽  
Phlebotomus Papatasi ◽  
Hydrolytic Activities ◽  
Natural Vector ◽  
Parasite Survival

The role of the peritrophic matrix (PM) in the development of Leishmania major infections in a natural vector, Phlebotomus papatasi, was investigated by addition of exogenous chitinase to the bloodmeal, which completely blocked PM formation. Surprisingly, the absence of the PM was associated with the loss of midgut infections. The chitinase was not directly toxic to the parasite, nor were midgut infections lost due to premature expulsion of the bloodmeal. Most parasites were killed in chitinase-treated flies within the first 4 h after feeding. Substantial early killing was also observed in control flies, suggesting that the lack of PM exacerbates lethal conditions which normally exist in the blood-fed midgut. Early parasite mortality was reversed by soybean trypsin inhibitor. Allosamadin, a specific inhibitor of chitinase, led to a thickening of the PM, and also prevented the early parasite mortality seen in infected flies. Susceptibility to gut proteases was extremely high in transitional-stage parasites, while amastigotes and fully transformed promastigotes were relatively resistant. A novel role for the PM in promoting parasite survival is suggested, in which the PM creates a barrier to the rapid diffusion of digestive enzymes, and limits the exposure of parasites to these enzymes during the time when they are especially vulnerable to proteolytic damage.

Sinigrin as a feeding deterrent in two crucifer-feeding, polyphagous lepidopterous species and the effects of feeding stimulant mixtures on deterrency

1995 ◽  
Vol 347 (1322) ◽  
pp. 439-446 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Trichoplusia Ni ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Feeding Deterrent ◽  
Deterrent Effect ◽  
Sugar Alcohol ◽  
Mamestra Configurata ◽  
Feeding Stimulant ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Cruciferous Plants

The glucosinolate, sinigrin (allyl- or 2-propenyl glucosinolate), present in several Gruciferae, was incorporated in varying concentrations into four different diet background mixtures to study the behavioural reactions of Mamestra configurata and Trichoplusia ni. Sinigrin concentrations were chosen to mimic normal levels in naturally occurring cruciferous plants, or to represent a plant during a particular stage in its growth cycle. One diet background mixture contained potassium chloride (KC1) and no stimulatory sugar or sugar alcohol, two backgrounds contained KC1 and a single sugar or sugar alcohol (sucrose or inositol, respectively), and the fourth background contained KC1 and both sugar and sugar alcohol (sucrose and inositol, respectively). Sinigrin acted primarily to reduce (deter) feeding in all backgrounds, although the effect varied with sinigrin concentration, background and species. When inositol or sucrose was included in the mixture, the deterrent effect of sinigrin was decreased in both species. When inositol and sucrose were present, suppression of the deterrent effect of sinigrin was greatest for M. configurata . The effects of mixtures were not predictable from a knowledge of the action of individual components. Differences observed between species may reflect different sensory capabilities.

scholarly journals The Peritrophic Matrix Mediates Differential Infection Outcomes in the Tsetse Fly Gut following Challenge with Commensal, Pathogenic, and Parasitic Microbes

2014 ◽  
Vol 193 (2) ◽  
pp. 773-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian L. Weiss ◽  
Amy F. Savage ◽  
Bridget C. Griffith ◽  
Yineng Wu ◽  
Serap Aksoy
Keyword(s):  
Tsetse Fly ◽  
Peritrophic Matrix

scholarly journals Disruption of Plasmodium falciparumChitinase Markedly Impairs Parasite Invasion of Mosquito Midgut

2001 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 4048-4054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao-Lung Tsai ◽  
Rhian E. Hayward ◽  
Rebecca C. Langer ◽  
David A. Fidock ◽  
Joseph M. Vinetz
Keyword(s):  
Intracellular Trafficking ◽  
Avian Malaria ◽  
Stop Codon ◽  
Peritrophic Matrix ◽  
Chitinolytic Activity ◽  
Genome Database ◽  
Parasite Invasion ◽  
Mosquito Midgut ◽  
Avian Malaria Parasite ◽  
Chitinase Genes

ABSTRACT To initiate invasion of the mosquito midgut,Plasmodium ookinetes secrete chitinolytic activity to penetrate the peritrophic matrix surrounding the blood meal. While ookinetes of the avian malaria parasite Plasmodium gallinaceum appear to secrete products of two chitinase genes, to date only one chitinase gene, PfCHT1, has been identified in the nearly completed Plasmodium falciparumstrain 3D7 genome database. To test the hypothesis that the single identified chitinase of P. falciparum is necessary for ookinete invasion, the PfCHT1 gene was disrupted 39 bp upstream of the stop codon. PfCHT1-disrupted parasites had normal gametocytogenesis, exflagellation, and ookinete formation but were markedly impaired in their ability to form oocysts inAnopheles freeborni midguts. Confocal microscopy demonstrated that the truncated PfCHT1 protein was present in mutant ookinetes but that the concentration of mutant PfCHT1 within the apical end of the ookinetes was substantially reduced. These data suggest that full-length PfCHT1 is essential for intracellular trafficking and secretion and that the PfCHT1 gene product is necessary for ookinetes to invade the mosquito midgut.

SURVIVAL OF PUPAE OF MAMESTRA CONFIGURATA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) AND TWO OF ITS PARASITES IN UNTILLED AND TILLED SOIL

1984 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Turnock ◽  
R.J. Bilodeau
Keyword(s):  
Soil Type ◽  
Brassica Campestris ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Mamestra Configurata ◽  
Overwintering Mortality ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Athrycia Cinerea

AbstractThe survival of Mamestra configurata Wlk. was determined from autumn and spring samples in 1973/74, 1980/81, and 1981/82 taken from unfilled and tilled portions of 12 fields of canola (Brassica campestris L. and B. napus L.). Survival from the pre-pupal stage in the autumn to post-diapause pupae in the spring varied from 2.9 to 56.5% in unfilled soil and from 0 to 25.4% in tilled soil. In untilled soil, the variations among fields in total mortality of M. configurata were related to parasitism by Banchus flavescens and to overwintering mortality. In tilled soil, overwintering mortality accounted for most of the variability in total mortality among fields. The percentage of mortality from injury to pupae, and their disappearance following tillage, greatly increased but this type of mortality did not account for much of the variability in total mortality. The disappearance of pupae following tillage was attributed to predation. In both untilled and tilled soils, the amount of overwintering mortality was related to the depth of accumulated snow, and mortality was lower in untilled soil because the stubble trapped more snow. The survival of M. configurata was not related to soil type, the type of tillage equipment, or the frequency of tillage. The number of adults emerging from untilled and tilled soil in one field were 2.58 and 0.27/m2 for M. configurata, 5.22 and 2.85/m2 for the parasite B. flavescens, and 4.46 and 3.60/m2 for the parasite Athrycia cinerea, indicating that the survival of the parasites was less affected by tillage than that of their host.Tillage may reduce the frequency and severity of outbreaks of M. configurata not only by increasing mortality but also by differentially affecting the survival of its main parasites.

DENSITY, PARASITISM, AND DISEASE INCIDENCE OF LARVAE OF THE BERTHA ARMYWORM, MAMESTRA CONFIGURATA WALKER (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE), IN MANITOBA, 1973–1986’

1988 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. 401-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Turnock
Keyword(s):  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Population Declines ◽  
Mamestra Configurata ◽  
Trends Over Time ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis ◽  
Physiographic Regions ◽  
River Plain ◽  
Swan River ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Bertha Armyworm

AbstractPopulations of larvae of the bertha armyworm, Mamestra configurata Wlk., in four physiographic regions of Manitoba showed similar trends over time: a decline from the outbreak of 1971–1972 to very low densities in 1975–1977, an increase to a peak during the years 1979–1981, and a subsequent decline. During the period of peak larval populations, brief (1 or 2 years) outbreaks [at least some fields with > 20 larvae per square metre) occurred at five locations in two regions, the Swan River Plain and the Valley River Plain, but not in the Western Uplands or the Manitoba Lowlands. In the first two regions, larval densities rose rapidly (from < 1.6 to > 13.8/m2) in 1 year. Although the general trend of population density was similar, there were differences in density among and within regions, and in the timing, severity, and duration of peak populations. Two parasitoids (Banchus flavescens Cress., Athrycia cinerea (Coq.)) and two pathogens (a nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) and fungi of the Entomophthorales) occurred regularly in larval populations. Of these, B. flavescens had the highest constancy among collections and may help to keep bertha armyworm populations at low densities. NPV was rarely found among larvae from low-density populations but appeared in all populations that reached outbreak levels. No single biotic agent could be associated with the population declines because of multiple parasitism and the difficulty in partitioning mortality when only a single sample could be taken. The rapid increase of bertha armyworm larvae from very low to outbreak levels in 1 year will prevent predictions of outbreaks from being based on larval densities in the preceding year.

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