Species diversity and mycotoxin production by members of the Fusarium tricinctum species complex associated with Fusarium head blight of wheat and barley in Italy

2021 ◽  
pp. 109298
Author(s):  
M.T. Senatore ◽  
T.J. Ward ◽  
E. Cappelletti ◽  
G. Beccari ◽  
S.P. McCormick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Mycotoxin Production ◽  
Fusarium Tricinctum

scholarly journals First Report of the Fusarium tricinctum Species Complex Causing Fusarium Head Blight of Wheat in Brazil

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 586-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Moreira ◽  
F. J. Machado ◽  
C. B. Pereira ◽  
D. L. Neves ◽  
D. J. Tessmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
First Report ◽  
Fusarium Tricinctum

scholarly journals Five-year Survey Uncovers Extensive Diversity and Temporal Fluctuations Among Fusarium Head Blight Pathogens of Wheat and Barley in Brazil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Bertuzzi Pereira ◽  
Todd J. Ward ◽  
Emerson Medeiros Del Ponte ◽  
Gláucia Mara Moreira ◽  
Mark Busman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Major Contributor ◽  
Substantial Variation ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Sequence Analyses ◽  
Temporal Fluctuations ◽  
Multilocus Genotyping

We conducted a five-year survey (2011–2015) of barley and wheat fields in Paraná state, Brazil, analyzing 754 Fusarium isolates from Fusarium head blight (FHB)-symptomatic spikes. Multilocus genotyping and TEF-1α gene sequence analyses confirmed the dominance of the F. graminearum species complex (75.7%), but F. poae (11.5%) as well as F. avenaceum and related members of the F. tricinctum species complex (FTSC, 8.1%) appeared as substantial contributors to FHB. Within the FGSC, F. graminearum of the 15-ADON genotype was dominant (63%), followed by F. meridionale of the NIV genotype (23.1%), F. cortaderiae of the NIV (7%) or 3-ADON (2.6%) genotypes, and F. austroamericanum (3.8%) of the 3-ADON genotype. Substantial variation in pathogen composition was observed across years, with F. poae and F. meridionale frequencies significantly elevated in some years. Most F. poae strains produced DAS, diANIV and butenolide, but not Neosolaniol, T-2 or HT-2. All FTSC species produced moniliformin. Enniatin production was widespread among FTSC species, with the single F. acuminatum strain found to be the strongest producer of enniatins. Our findings confirm FGSC as a major contributor to FHB and expand considerably our knowledge of the presence, frequency and conditions under which other pathogens may emerge altering the spectrum of toxins that may accumulate in grain.

scholarly journals Activity of Demethylation Inhibitor Fungicide Metconazole on Chinese Fusarium graminearum Species Complex and Its Application in Carbendazim-Resistance Management of Fusarium Head Blight in Wheat

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (5) ◽  
pp. 929-937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yabing Duan ◽  
Xian Tao ◽  
Huahua Zhao ◽  
Xuemei Xiao ◽  
Meixia Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum Species Complex ◽  
Demethylation Inhibitor

Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC), causing Fusarium head blight (FHB) of wheat, has species-specific geographical distributions in wheat-growing regions. In recent years, benzimidazole resistance of FHB pathogens has been largely widespread in China. Although the demethylation inhibitor fungicide metconazole has been used for FHB control in some countries, no information about metconazole sensitivity of Chinese FHB pathogen populations and efficacy of metconazole in FHB control in China is available. In this study, the sensitivity of FGSC to metconazole was measured with 32 carbendazim-sensitive strains and 35 carbendazim-resistant strains based on mycelial growth. The 50% effective concentration values of 67 strains were normally distributed and ranged from 0.0209 to 0.0838 μg ml−1, with a mean of 0.0481 ± 0.0134 μg ml−1. No significant difference in metconazole sensitivity was observed between carbendazim-sensitive and -resistant populations. An interactive effect of metconazole and phenamacril, a novel cyanoacrilate fungicide approved in China against Fusarium spp., in inhibiting mycelial growth showed an additive interaction at different ratios. Furthermore, field trials to evaluate the effect of metconazole and metconazole + phenamacril treatments in FHB control, deoxynivalenol (DON) production, and grain yields were performed. Compared with the fungicides carbendazim and phenamacril currently used in China, metconazole exhibits a better efficacy for FHB control, DON production, and grain yields, and dramatically reduces use dosages of chemical compounds in the field. The mixture of metconazole and phenamacril at ratios of 2:3 and 1:2 showed the greatest efficacy for FHB control, DON production, and grain yields among all the fungicide treatments but its use dosages were higher in comparison with metconazole alone. In addition, FHB control, grain yields, and DON levels were significantly correlated with each other, showing that visual disease indices can be used as an indicator of grain yields and DON contamination. Meanwhile, the frequency of carbendazim-resistant alleles in F. graminearum populations was dramatically reduced after metconazole and phenamacril alone and the mixture of metconazole and phenamacril applications, indicating that metconazole and a mixture of metconazole and phenamacril can be used for carbendazim resistance management of FHB in wheat. Overall, the findings of this study provide important data for resistance management of FHB and reducing DON contamination in wheat grains.

Climate change impacts on the ecology of Fusarium graminearum species complex and susceptibility of wheat to Fusarium head blight: a review

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 685-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Vaughan ◽  
D. Backhouse ◽  
E.M. Del Ponte
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Host Susceptibility ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum Species Complex ◽  
The Impact

Fusarium head blight (FHB) of wheat, caused mainly by a few members of the Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC), is a major threat to agricultural grain production, food safety, and animal health. The severity of disease epidemics and accumulation of associated trichothecene mycotoxins in wheat kernels is strongly driven by meteorological factors. The potential impacts of change in climate are reviewed from the perspective of the FGSC life cycle and host resistance mechanisms influenced by abiotic pressures at the ecological, physiological and molecular level. Alterations in climate patterns and cropping systems may affect the distribution, composition and load of FGSC inoculum, but quantitative information is lacking regarding the differential responses among FGSC members. In general, the coincidence of wet and warm environment during flowering enhances the risk of FHB epidemics, but the magnitude and direction of the change in FHB and mycotoxin risk will be a consequence of a multitude of effects on key processes affecting inoculum dynamics and host susceptibility. Rates of residue decomposition, inoculum production and dispersal may be significantly altered by changes in crop rotations, atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]), temperature and precipitation patterns, but the impact may be much greater for regions where inoculum is more limited, such as temperate climates. In regions of non-limiting inoculum, climate change effects will likely be greater on the pathogenic rather than on the saprophytic phase. Although the mechanisms by which abiotic stress influences wheat defences against Fusarium species are unknown, available data would suggest that wheat may be more susceptible to Fusarium infection under future climate conditions. Additional research in this area should be a priority so that breeding efforts and climate resilient management strategies can be developed.

scholarly journals First Report on Identification of Fusarium graminearum Species Complex Members from Turkey and Iran

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 1040
Author(s):  
Berna Tunalı ◽  
Emre Yörük ◽  
Özlem Sefer ◽  
Bayram Kansu ◽  
Bahram Sharifnabi
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Histone H3 ◽  
28S Rdna ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Identification Methods ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum Species Complex ◽  
Blight Disease ◽  
Β Tubulin

Fusarium graminearum species complex is the major Fusarium head blight disease pathogen in worldwide. Fusarium head blight disease lead to damages on small grain cereals. The identification of the F. graminearum species complex is important for improving disease control and management. Traditional identification methods such as macroscopy and microscopy analysis need to be supported by biochemical and genetics assays. Thus, DNA sequencing-based methods is one of the most preferred, reliable, low priced in the identification methods. In the study, 54 F. graminearum isolates obtained from diseased wheat, barley and corn fields in Turkey and Iran were identified by morphological characteristics and then characterized by species-specific SCAR marker. β-tubulin, Tef1-α, 28s rDNA and Histone H3 genes amplified, purified and then sequenced. The merged multiloci length was obtained as last of all 2215 bp. These sequencing results was used to multiloci genotyping assays. Last of all, 20 isolates were determined as F. graminearum sensu stricto by multiloci genotyping analysis. Remaining isolates were identified as F. asiaticum or Fusarium sp. . The findings are important in terms of revealing the first-time identification in Turkish and Iranian isolates as F. graminearum species complex members by amplification four (β-tubulin, Tef1-α, 28s rDNA and Histone H3) highly conserved DNA regions.

scholarly journals Gibberella ear and stalk rot caused by Fusarium meridionale and F. graminearum: aggressiveness and mycotoxin production in the field

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franklin Jackson Machado ◽  
Aline Vieira de Barros ◽  
Nicole McMaster ◽  
David G. Schmale ◽  
Lisa J. Vaillancourt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Mycotoxin Production ◽  
Disease Cycle ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Stalk Rot

Gibberella ear (GER) and stalk rot (GSR) of maize in Brazil are caused mainly by Fusarium meridionale, while F. graminearum is the more common cause of Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) on wheat. Our previous study of two maize isolates of each species suggested that this pattern of dominance may be due to greater aggressiveness and competitiveness of F. meridionale on maize. Here we have evaluated pathogenicity and toxigenicity of 16 isolates of F. graminearum and 24 isolates of F. meridionale recovered from both wheat and maize. Strains were individually inoculated into ears of four maize hybrids in field trials. GER severity varied significantly among isolates within each species. Although ranges overlapped, average GER severity induced by F. meridionale (13.9%) was two times higher than F. graminearum (7.2%) for isolates obtained from maize, but similar for those isolated from wheat (11.8 and 10.6% respectively). In contrast, severity of GSR was slightly numerically higher for F. graminearum (18.4%) versus F. meridionale (16.1%), with no effect of host of origin. Deoxynivalenol (DON) and its acetylated form 15ADON were the main mycotoxins produced by F. graminearum (7/16 strains), while nivalenol (NIV) was the only toxin produced by F. meridionale (17/24 strains). Six isolates of F. graminearum also produced zearalenone. Results confirm that F. meridionale from maize is, on average, more aggressive on maize, but suggest greater complexity related to diversity among individual isolates within each species. Further studies involving other components of the disease cycle may help to more fully explain the observed pattern of host dominance.

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