Use of cold start-up operations in the absence of external heat sources for fast fuel cell power and heat generation in a hydrogen energy system utilizing metal hydride tanks

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (56) ◽  
pp. 32196-32205
Author(s):  
Naruki Endo ◽  
Yuta Segawa ◽  
Kiyotaka Goshome ◽  
Eisuke Shimoda ◽  
Tsuyoshi Nozu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Heat Generation ◽  
Metal Hydride ◽  
Cold Start ◽  
Energy System ◽  
External Heat ◽  
Hydrogen Energy ◽  
Heat Sources ◽  
Start Up

A Simulation of the Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Electrochemical Light Off Phenomenon

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Comas L. Haynes ◽  
J. Chris Ford
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Thermal Cycling ◽  
Solid Oxide Fuel Cell ◽  
Heat Generation ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Oxide Fuel ◽  
Cell Potential ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Electrochemical Transport

During latter-stage, “start-up” heating of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) stack to a desired operating temperature, heat may be generated in an accelerating manner during the establishment of electrochemical reactions. This is because a temperature rise in the stack causes an acceleration of electrochemical transport given the typical Arrhenius nature of the electrolyte conductivity. Considering a potentiostatic condition (i.e., prescribed cell potential), symbiosis thus occurs because greater current prevalently leads to greater by-product heat generation, and vice versa. This interplay of the increasing heat generation and electrochemistry is termed “light off”, and an initial model has been developed to characterize this important thermal cycling phenomenon. The results of the simulation begin elucidating the prospect of using cell potential as well as other electrochemical operating conditions (e.g., reactants utilization) as dynamic controls in managing light off transients and possibly mitigating thermal cycling issues.

scholarly journals Integration Design and Operation Strategy of Multi-Energy Hybrid System Including Renewable Energies, Batteries and Hydrogen

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 5463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Zhang ◽  
Hexu Sun ◽  
Yingjun Guo
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Hydrogen Storage ◽  
Storage Tank ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Renewable Energies ◽  
Hydrogen Energy ◽  
Operation Strategy ◽  
State Monitoring ◽  
Safety Constraints ◽  
System States

In some areas, the problem of wind and solar power curtailment is prominent. Hydrogen energy has the advantage of high storage density and a long storage time. Multi-energy hybrid systems including renewable energies, batteries and hydrogen are designed to solve this problem. In order to reduce the power loss of the converter, an AC-DC hybrid bus is proposed. A multi-energy experiment platform is established including a wind turbine, photovoltaic panels, a battery, an electrolyzer, a hydrogen storage tank, a fuel cell and a load. The working characteristics of each subsystem are tested and analyzed. The multi-energy operation strategy is based on state monitoring and designed to enhance hydrogen utilization, energy efficiency and reliability of the system. The hydrogen production is guaranteed preferentially and the load is reliably supplied. The system states are monitored, such as the state of charge (SOC) and the hydrogen storage level. The rated and ramp powers of the battery and fuel cell and the pressure limit of the hydrogen storage tank are set as safety constraints. Eight different operation scenarios comprehensively evaluate the system’s performance, and via physical experiments the proposed operation strategy of the multi-energy system is verified as effective and stable.

scholarly journals Study on Fast Cold Start-Up Method of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Based on Electric Heating Technology

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 4456
Author(s):  
Wei Jiang ◽  
Ke Song ◽  
Bailin Zheng ◽  
Yongchuan Xu ◽  
Ruoshi Fang
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Electric Heating ◽  
Cold Start ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Melting Time ◽  
Fuel Cell Stack ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Exchange Membrane ◽  
Heating Technology

In order to realize the low temperature and rapid cold start-up of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack, a dynamic model containing 40 single proton exchange membrane fuel cells is established to estimate the melting time of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack as well as to analyze the melting process of the ice by using the obtained liquid–solid boundary. The methods of proton exchange membrane electric heating and electrothermal film heating are utilized to achieve cold start-up of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). The fluid simulation software fluent is used to simulate and analyze the process of melting ice. The solidification and melting model and multi-phase flow model are introduced. The pressure-implicit with splitting of operators algorithm is also adopted. The results show that both the proton exchange membrane electric heating technology and the electrothermal film heating method can achieve rapid cold start-up. The interior ice of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack melts first, while the first and 40th pieces melt afterwards. The ice melting time of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack is 32.5 s and 36.5 s with the two methods, respectively. In the end, the effect of different electrothermal film structures on cold start-up performance is studied, and three types of pore diameter electrothermal films are established. It is found that the electrothermal film with small holes melts completely first, and the electrothermal film with large holes melts completely last.

Study on the degradation mechanism of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell based on constant voltage cold start mode

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Yanbo Yang ◽  
Tiancai Ma ◽  
Fenglai Pei ◽  
Weikang Lin ◽  
Kai Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Degradation Mechanism ◽  
Cold Start ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Constant Voltage ◽  
Fuel Cell Performance ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Exchange Membrane

Abstract The constant voltage cold start of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is usually operated at a low start voltage in order to ensure high heat generation, which can shorten the process of the PEMFC cold start. However, the effect of constant voltage cold start on the durability of PEMFC is still unclear. Thus, in this work, the PEMFC is tested repeatedly at a low start-voltage to simulate its actual operating state in the vehicle. Then the effect of the PEMFC durability under constant voltage cold start is investigated by polarization curve, cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, transmission electron microscope and ion chromatography. After the repeatedly cold start, the output performance of the PEMFC decreases significantly. According to the characterization results, the degradation mechanism of the PEMFC at the constant voltage cold start is demonstrated to be that the PEMFC start-up repeatedly at low start-voltage leads to the decomposition of membrane polymer structure and promotes the crossover of H2. Meanwhile, the PEMFC start-up repeatedly at low start-voltage also leads to the agglomeration of catalysts, which reduces the active area of catalysts and ultimately results in the degradation of fuel cell performance. Above all, this study proves that the durability of PEMFC can be shortened by the constant voltage cold start at 0.1 V, which provides a reference for the development of the PEMFC cold start control strategy.

Assessment of the current state of hydrogen energy in Russia

2021 ◽  
pp. 134-150
Author(s):  
N.I. Andriyanov ◽  
M.P. Zasko ◽  
V.N. Dolgova
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Publication Activity ◽  
Hydrogen Energy ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Federation

Despite the great uncertainty in the timing that analysts indicate in their forecasts, the transition to a new energy system is inevitable. This transition does not mean an instant and complete abandonment of hydrocarbon energy, but its gradual replacement with energy sources that do not pollute the environment during operation, with a low «carbon footprint». And the role of hydrogen energy in this process is significant. The purpose of the article is to review and assess the current state of hydrogen energy in Russia, in particular on solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) technologies. The article contains references from strategic and long-term planning documents in the field of energy, indicating the main directions of development of hydrogen energy in the Russian Federation; hydrogen energy technologies, including fuel cell technologies (FC): general characteristics, scope of their application, five main types of FC, and in more detail - the general characteristics and scope of SOFC as the most promising from the point of view of practical application and the level of technological development. The monitoring of publication activity on the subject of the SOFC was carried out, the methodology of which is based on the use of advanced search tools of the international scientific citation systems Web of Science and Scopus by keywords. The dynamics of the publication activity of scientists who conducted research on the subject of SOFC for the period 1990-2020 is presented; monitoring of the publication activity of 10 world leaders in scientific research in the field of SOFC for the period 2010-2020 and separately – the rating of Russian scientific organizations for the period 1990-2020. The results of the research of foreign scientists involved in this topic within the framework of megagrant projects, as well as the results of competitive selections within the framework of state support for young Russian scientists (grants and scholarships of the President of the Russian Federation) are analyzed.

scholarly journals Investigation on the Operating Conditions of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Based on Constant Voltage Cold Start Mode

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 660
Author(s):  
Yanbo Yang ◽  
Tiancai Ma ◽  
Boyu Du ◽  
Weikang Lin ◽  
Naiyuan Yao
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Cell Voltage ◽  
Cold Start ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Constant Voltage ◽  
Start Up

The cold start property is one of the main factors restricting the fuel cell application in the automotive field. The constant voltage cold start method of the fuel cell works under low start voltage and produces high heat, which can shorten the start-up time of the fuel cell at low temperature and has the opportunity to be applied to fuel cell vehicles. Meanwhile, in the constant voltage cold start mode, the fuel cell needs to operate under a large current, and more water is generated during the start-up process. Thus, the optimization of operating conditions for the constant voltage cold start is particularly important. However, there are relatively few studies on the optimization of operating conditions for the constant voltage cold start with a single-cell voltage less than 0.3 V. In this work, the cold start experiment of the fuel cell with constant voltage is carried out. According to the cold start experiment, the different cold start voltage, back-pressure, and the inlet flow rate are examined. Based on the experiment data, the operating conditions have a great influence on the cold start property of the fuel cell and the optimized operating conditions of the constant voltage cold start are obtained.

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