Cold-start performance of an ammonia-fueled spark ignition engine with an on-board fuel reformer

In a four-stroke cycle port-fuel-injected spark-ignition engine, a significant portion of unburned hydrocarbons is exhausted during the short period of cold start. The aim of this study is to investigate the physics behind the wall-wet phenomena and its determining parameter as simply as possible even though qualitative to some extent. The test engine is driven at a constant speed of 350 r/min. The fuel injection starts at a certain cycle, and the cycles required for the first ignition is counted. Three gasoline injectors having different atomization characteristics are used for port fuel injection, and the droplet size, the spray angle and the spray velocity are varied independently. The fuel transport phenomena from the injector to the cylinder are characterized by only two parameters, α and β, the mass fraction of the fuel without wall-wet and the mass fraction of the evaporated fuel from liquid films on walls. They are determined so that all the first ignition cycles observed experimentally are consistently reproduced by the model. The value of α is successfully determined for every single injector, and it increases monotonously with the decrease in the Stokes number.

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An Experimental Study on Fuel Behavior During the Cold Start Period of a Direct Injection Spark Ignition Engine

10.4271/2001-01-0969 ◽

2001 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Nobuhiko Koga ◽

Shigeki Miyashita ◽

Keiso Takeda ◽

Nobuo Imatake

Keyword(s):

Experimental Study ◽

Direct Injection ◽

Cold Start ◽

Spark Ignition ◽

Spark Ignition Engine ◽

Fuel Behavior ◽

Direct Injection Spark Ignition

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Euro III / Euro IV Emissions - A Study of Cold Start and Warm Up Phases with a SI (Spark Ignition) Engine

10.4271/1999-01-1073 ◽

1999 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Piotr Bielaczyc ◽

Jerzy Merkisz

Keyword(s):

Cold Start ◽

Spark Ignition ◽

Spark Ignition Engine ◽

Warm Up

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Cold-Start Emissions of an SI Engine Using Butanol/Gasoline Blends

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.977.47 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 977 ◽

pp. 47-50

Author(s):

Mei Yu Shi ◽

Rong Fu Zhu ◽

Jiang Li ◽

Yuan Tao Sun

Keyword(s):

Low Temperature ◽

Cold Start ◽

Fuel Mixture ◽

Spark Ignition ◽

Spark Ignition Engine ◽

Experimental Results ◽

Si Engine

The influence of butanol/gasoline blends at low temperature for-7°C, on cold-start emissions of a spark-ignition engine was tested. In cold-start period of the engine, the efficiency of the engine was expected to be poor, and the air/fuel mixture would be leaner for the more butanol added. The experimental results showed that the engine could be stable with B10 and B30 in cold-start, and HC and CO emissions reduced more significantly with more butanol added.

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Emissions Level Approximation at Cold Start for Spark Ignition Engine Vehicles

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.555.375 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 555 ◽

pp. 375-384 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Stelian Tarulescu ◽

Adrian Soica

Keyword(s):

Cold Start ◽

Spark Ignition ◽

Spark Ignition Engine ◽

Estimation Methods ◽

Exhaust Gas ◽

Gas Temperature ◽

Mathematical Approximation ◽

Exhaust Gas Temperature ◽

The Mathematical Model ◽

Polynomial Regressions

This paper present a study regarding the emissions produced at the engine cold start. Also, the paper presents a brief survey of current extra emissions estimation methods. The main goal of this work is to describe the relative cold start extra emissions as a function of exhaust gas temperature. Experimental research has been done for a light vehicle, Dacia Sandero, equipped with a 1390 cm3 Renault spark ignition engine (Power = 55 kW at 5500 rpm). There were been made several tests, in different temperature conditions, in the could season, using a portable analyzer, GA-21 plus (produced by Madur Austria). The parameters measured with the analyzer and used in the analysis are: CO, NO, NOx and SO2. It was concluded that the highest pollutants values are recorded until the point when the catalyst comes into operation (when the gas temperature entering the catalyst is approx. 200 oC) and exhaust gas temperature is 40-50 oC. In order to accomplish a mathematical approximation of CO, NO and SO2 in function of exhaust gas temperature, logarithmic approximations and polynomial regressions were used. The curves resulted from the mathematical model can be used to approximate the level of CO, NO and SO2, for similar vehicles.

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The analysis of heating process of catalytic converter using thermo-vision

Combustion Engines ◽

10.19206/ce-116864 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 162 (3) ◽

pp. 41-51

Author(s):

Barbara WORSZTYNOWICZ ◽

Andrzej UHRYŃSKI

Keyword(s):

Cylinder Head ◽

Test Bench ◽

Catalytic Converter ◽

Exhaust System ◽

Cold Start ◽

Spark Ignition ◽

Spark Ignition Engine ◽

Heating Process ◽

Idle Speed ◽

Heat State

The article tackles the issues related to a process of heating of three way catalytic converter during the cold start and the heating of the spark ignition engine. The measurements on the test bench were performed, taking into consideration how engine works directly after the start, on the idle speed and under the load, during which the temperature of the exhaust gases in the exhaust system and coolant on the cylinder head were measured. At the same time the track of the heat state of the catalytic converter was monitored using thermo-vision camera. The results of the measurements were presented as charts and selected thermo-grams, qualitatively representing the issue of heating of the catalytic converter.

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