Cold-Start Emissions of an SI Engine Using Butanol/Gasoline Blends

2014 ◽  
Vol 977 ◽  
pp. 47-50
Author(s):  
Mei Yu Shi ◽  
Rong Fu Zhu ◽  
Jiang Li ◽  
Yuan Tao Sun
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Cold Start ◽  
Fuel Mixture ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Si Engine

The influence of butanol/gasoline blends at low temperature for-7°C, on cold-start emissions of a spark-ignition engine was tested. In cold-start period of the engine, the efficiency of the engine was expected to be poor, and the air/fuel mixture would be leaner for the more butanol added. The experimental results showed that the engine could be stable with B10 and B30 in cold-start, and HC and CO emissions reduced more significantly with more butanol added.

Comparison of Artificial Neural Network and Fuzzy Logic Approaches for the Prediction of In-Cylinder Pressure in a Spark Ignition Engine

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Özgür Solmaz ◽  
Habib Gürbüz ◽  
Mevlüt Karacor
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Ann Model ◽  
Pressure Data ◽  
Si Engine ◽  
Artificial Neural

Abstract In first stage, a machine learning (ML) was performed to predict in-cylinder pressure using both fuzzy logic (FL) and artificial neural networks (ANN) depending on the results of experimental studies in a spark ignition (SI) engine. In the ML phase, the experimental in-cylinder pressure data of SI engine was used. SI engine was operated at stoichiometric air–fuel mixture (φ = 1.0) at 1200, 1400, and 1600 rpm engine speeds. Six different ignition timings, ranging from 15 to 45 °CA, were used for each engine speed. Correlations (R2) between data from in-cylinder pressure obtained via FL and ANN models and data form experimental in-cylinder pressure were determined. R2 values over 0.995 were obtained at an ML stage of ANN model for all test conditions of the engine. However, R2 values were remained between range of 0.820–0.949 with the FL model for different engine speeds and ignition timings. In the second stage, in-cylinder pressure prediction was performed by using an ANN model for engine operating conditions where no experimental results were obtained. Furthermore, indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) values were calculated by predicting in-cylinder pressure data for different engine operation conditions, and then compared with experimental IMEP values. The results show that the in-cylinder pressure and IMEP results estimated with the trained ANN model are fairly close to the experimental results. Moreover, it was found that using the trained ANN model, the ignition timing corresponding to the maximum brake torque (MBT) used in the engine management systems and engine studies could be determined with high accuracy.

scholarly journals Effect of Pre-Heated Air on Spark Ignition Engine Fuelled with Petrol-Ethanol Blends

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4S2) ◽  
pp. 174-177
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Mixture ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Gas Analyzer ◽  
Si Engine ◽  
Improve Efficiency ◽  
Heated Air ◽  
Si Engines ◽  
Ethanol Blends

Bio-fuels have been made vital developments from past decades, in which bio-petrol plays a major role in SI engines. Developments in petrol-ethanol blends have been made to improve the efficiency of SI engine. Air preheated is supported widely in preheating of intake air. To improve efficiency and to reduce emission, air preheated is used in many systems. SI engines are used in automobiles, motor cycles, aircrafts, motorboats and portable small engine. In this work, investigations have been done in the SI engine which intakes preheated air-fuel mixture and various blends of ethanol petrol fuel is used as working fuel. Emission tests are done by exhaust gas analyzer to compare the emissions of different fuels.

Optimization of stratification combustion in a spark ignition engine by double-pulse port fuel injection

2007 ◽  
Vol 221 (7) ◽  
pp. 845-857 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Wang ◽  
Z Peng ◽  
S-L Liu ◽  
H-D Xiao ◽  
H Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Fuel Mixture ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Double Pulse ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Si Engine ◽  
Lean Burn ◽  
Load Range ◽  
Port Fuel Injection

The potential of lean burn in a spark-ignition (SI) engine with optimized fuel injection was experimentally investigated and numerically simulated. The experiments were carried out on a production SI engine which has a port fuel injection (PFI) system. The previous port electronic fuel injection system was modified and the technique of double-pulse fuel injection (DFI) was employed. By regulating injection timings and proportions of DFI, the air-fuel mixture stratification was significantly improved and the expected lean burn was implemented. The experimental results showed that the reduction of fuel consumption with DFI could be above 10 per cent over quite a wide load range, compared to single fuel injection. With optimized fuel injection timings and double-pulse proportions, the ideal engine performance and emissions can be achieved with a two to three times higher air-fuel ratio (AFR) than single fuel injection. With numerical simulation, the effects of mixture stratification formed by different fuel injection amounts and timings were analysed using a phenomenological model. The mixture in the cylinder was divided into different regions that distribute spherically around the spark plug and consist of a central region of stoichiometric air-fuel mixture and a gradually leaner outside region. Simulation results demonstrated that the improvements in fuel economy and emissions with DFI were mainly attributed to increased stratification zones and a reduced AFR gradient in the stratification zones.

Cold-start performance of an ammonia-fueled spark ignition engine with an on-board fuel reformer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makoto Koike ◽  
Tetsunori Suzuoki ◽  
Tadashi Takeuchi ◽  
Takayuki Homma ◽  
Satoshi Hariu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Start ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine

Effects of injection parameters on the amount of wall-wet fuel in a port-fuel-injected spark-ignition engine during cold start

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 184-198
Author(s):  
Mikiya Araki ◽  
Katsuya Sakairi ◽  
Takashi Kuribara ◽  
Juan C González Palencia ◽  
Seiichi Shiga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Cold Start ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Stokes Number ◽  
Liquid Films ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Spray Angle ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Two Parameters

In a four-stroke cycle port-fuel-injected spark-ignition engine, a significant portion of unburned hydrocarbons is exhausted during the short period of cold start. The aim of this study is to investigate the physics behind the wall-wet phenomena and its determining parameter as simply as possible even though qualitative to some extent. The test engine is driven at a constant speed of 350 r/min. The fuel injection starts at a certain cycle, and the cycles required for the first ignition is counted. Three gasoline injectors having different atomization characteristics are used for port fuel injection, and the droplet size, the spray angle and the spray velocity are varied independently. The fuel transport phenomena from the injector to the cylinder are characterized by only two parameters, α and β, the mass fraction of the fuel without wall-wet and the mass fraction of the evaporated fuel from liquid films on walls. They are determined so that all the first ignition cycles observed experimentally are consistently reproduced by the model. The value of α is successfully determined for every single injector, and it increases monotonously with the decrease in the Stokes number.

The Lean Mixture Operational Limits of a Spark Ignition Engine When Operated on Fuel Mixtures

2008 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hailin Li ◽  
Ghazi A. Karim ◽  
A. Sohrabi
Keyword(s):  
Engine Performance ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Si Engine ◽  
Lean Mixture ◽  
Si Engines ◽  
Unstable Combustion ◽  
Fuel Mixtures ◽  
Traditional Approaches ◽  
Combustion Processes

The operation of spark ignition (SI) engines on lean mixtures is attractive, in principle, since it can provide improved fuel economy, reduced tendency to knock, and extremely low NOx emissions. However, the associated flame propagation rates become degraded significantly and drop sharply as the operating mixture is made increasingly leaner. Consequently, there exist distinct operational lean mixture limits beyond which satisfactory engine performance cannot be maintained due to the resulting prolonged and unstable combustion processes. This paper presents experimental data obtained in a single cylinder, variable compression ratio, SI engine when operated in turn on methane, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, gasoline, iso-octane, and some of their binary mixtures. A quantitative approach for determining the operational limits of SI engines is proposed. The lean limits thus derived are compared and validated against the corresponding experimental results obtained using more traditional approaches. On this basis, the dependence of the values of the lean mixture operational limits on the composition of the fuel mixtures is investigated and discussed. The operational limit for throttled operation with methane as the fuel is also established.

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