scholarly journals Detection of neurocognitive disorders in patients infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus through fast screening tests

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
G. Tissera ◽  
S. Penco ◽  
L. Marianelli
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Neurocognitive Disorders ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Fast Screening ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

scholarly journals 1061. False Positive Human Immunodeficiency Virus Testing Due to Acute Hepatitis A Infection: A Case Series

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S559-S559
Author(s):  
Maria V Bandres ◽  
Daniel Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acute Hepatitis ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
False Positive ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Hiv Screening ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acute Hepatitis A ◽  
Hiv 1

Abstract Background In our urban, underserved patient population, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is hyper-endemic, and HIV screening is frequently performed. Although HIV screening tests have high specificity, false positives can occur. Numerous reasons for false positive testing have been cited, including vaccinations, autoimmune diseases, and viral infections. In 2019, Philadelphia experienced a large Hepatitis A outbreak, during which time false positive HIV screening tests were discovered. Our aim was to further describe these patients who had been diagnosed with acute Hepatitis A infection and in whom false positive HIV testing had occurred. Methods We conducted a retrospective chart review of adult patients admitted to our hospital between January 2017 and December 2019 who had a positive Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) IgM. Demographics, HIV tests, viral hepatitis tests, and liver tests were recorded. False positive HIV was defined as a positive HIV screen (p24 antigen and HIV-1 and 2 antibody combo), followed by a negative differentiation assay for HIV-1 and 2 antibodies, combined with a negative HIV PCR. Results A total of 156 unique patients were found to have acute HAV, with 138 cases identified in 2019. Of these, 3 patients had confirmed false positive HIV testing, and 1 patient had suspected false positive HIV testing (HIV-2 differentiation assay indeterminate, with very low local prevalence of HIV-2), for a false positive test rate of 2.6% (4/156). Ages ranged from 36-47 years, 3 were male, and 2 were persons who injected drugs (PWID). Three patients had prior negative HIV testing. Two patients had fevers during admission, but none of the four were febrile at the time of HIV test collection. Three patients had elevated transaminases, and two had abnormal coagulation testing. Coinfection with Hepatitis C was found in three patients. One patient had follow-up HIV testing performed, which was negative. Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first report of false positive HIV testing related to acute HAV. Prevalence of false positives was low, but awareness can facilitate patient counseling. With low sample size, conclusions cannot be drawn about risk factors related to false positive testing. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

scholarly journals Lack of evidence of prolonged human immunodeficiency virus infection before antibody seroconversion

Blood ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 1752-1754
Author(s):  
JE Groopman ◽  
T Caiazzo ◽  
MA Thomas ◽  
RA Ferriani ◽  
S Saltzman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Homosexual Men ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Aids Related Complex ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Very High ◽  
Considerable Concern

Recently, considerable concern has been raised regarding the possibility that antibody-based screening tests for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may fail to detect certain high-risk individuals for prolonged periods of time. It has been proposed that testing for HIV-related antigen may be a necessary procedure to detect such individuals. To address this issue, we longitudinally studied two groups of homosexual men: direct sexual partners of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or AIDS-related complex (ARC) patients and individuals who ultimately sero-converted. There was no evidence of prolonged infection with HIV in the absence of detectable antibody in these two groups. It appears at this time that, even among subjects at very high risk for HIV infection, currently available antibody-based assays are sufficient to identify infected individuals.

scholarly journals Socio-demographic and epidemiological characteristics associated with human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-1) infection in HIV-1-explosed but uninfected individuals, and in HIV-1-infected patients from a southern brasilian population

2005 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 239-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edna Maria Vissoci Reiche ◽  
Ana Maria Bonametti ◽  
Maria Angélica Ehara Watanabe ◽  
Helena Kaminami Morimoto ◽  
Arilson Akira Morimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Type I ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
Hiv 1

The ability to control human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection and progression of the disease is regulated by host and viral factors. This cross-sectional study describes the socio-demographic and epidemiological characteristics associated with HIV-1 infection in 1,061 subjects attended in Londrina and region, south of Brazil: 136 healthy individuals (Group 1), 147 HIV-1-exposed but uninfected individuals (Group 2), 161 HIV-1-infected asymptomatic patients (Group 3), and 617 patients with AIDS (Group 4). Data were obtained by a standardized questionnaire and serological tests. The age of the individuals ranged from 15.1 to 79.5 years, 54.0% and 56.1% of the Groups 3 and 4 patients, respectively, were men. The major features of groups 2, 3, and 4 were a predominance of education level up to secondary school (55.8%, 60.2% and 62.4%, respectively), sexual route of exposure (88.4%, 87.0% and 82.0%, respectively), heterosexual behavior (91.8%, 75.2% and 83.7%, respectively), and previous sexually transmitted diseases (20.4%, 32.5%, and 38.1%, respectively). The patients with AIDS showed the highest rates of seropositivity for syphilis (25.6%), of anti-HCV (22.3%), and anti-HTLV I/II obtained by two serological screening tests (6.2% and 6.8%, respectively). The results documenting the predominant characteristics for HIV-1 infection among residents of Londrina and region, could be useful for the improvement of current HIV-1 prevention, monitoring and therapeutic programs targeted at this population.

Neuropathologic confirmation of definitional criteria for human immunodeficiency virus–associated neurocognitive disorders

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Cherner ◽  
Lucette Cysique ◽  
Robert K Heaton ◽  
Thomas D Marcotte ◽  
Ronald J Ellis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Neurocognitive Disorders ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

scholarly journals Hospital-Based Evaluation of Two Rapid Human Immunodeficiency Virus Antibody Screening Tests

2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 3445-3447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajesh Kannangai ◽  
Sandeep Ramalingam ◽  
Selvaraj Pradeepkumar ◽  
Kannan Damodharan ◽  
Gopalan Sridharan
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Hiv Screening ◽  
Virus Antibody ◽  
Antibody Screening ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Screening Assays ◽  
Testing Algorithm ◽  
Time Evaluation

Two rapid human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) screening assays, HIV TRI-DOT and HIV-SPOT were compared with standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays according to a testing algorithm. Sensitivities and specificities in the real-time evaluation were 99.5 and 99.9% for TRI-DOT and 98.2 and 99.7% for HIV-SPOT, respectively. These two tests are suitable for use where facilities and laboratory expertise are limited.

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