Use of modified rapid cholera test during surveillance for oral cholera vaccine effectiveness in Nampula, Mozambique, 2016

AbstractIntroductionThe efficacy of oral cholera vaccines (OCVs) in laboratory conditions has been established, and the World Health Organization (WHO; Geneva, Switzerland) has recommended their preventative use in high-risk settings. The WHO recommendation has not been fully operationalized, nor has it been extended to apply to the reactive use of OCVs in real field epidemic conditions due to concerns about potential resource diversion, feasibility, cost, and acceptability. The purpose of this study is to assess and synthesize existing evidence of OCV effectiveness when used reactively in real field conditions.MethodsA systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted involving studies that investigated vaccine effectiveness when used as a reactive measure; that is, cases had reached epidemic threshold and a cholera epidemic was declared in real field epidemic conditions. OVID Medline (US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland USA), CINAHL (EBSCO Information Services; Ipswich, Massachusetts USA), and EMBASE (Elsevier; Amsterdam, Netherlands), along with grey literature, were systematically searched using pre-determined criteria. Two independent reviewers identified studies that met the selection criteria and data were extracted using validated tools. Pooled estimates were obtained using fixed effect models.ResultsOf the 347 articles that met the inclusion criteria, four studies were retrieved for meta-analysis (three were case-control studies and one was a case-cohort study) involving a total of 1,509 participants and comprising 175 cases and 1,334 case controls. The effectiveness of one or two doses of either Shanchol (Shantha Biotechnics; India) or ORC-Vax (Vabiotech; Vietnam) OCVs showed a combined vaccine effectiveness of 75% (95% CI, 61-84).ConclusionA positive association was demonstrated between the reactive use of OCVs and protection against cholera. This supported the WHO recommendation to utilize OCVs reactively as an additional measure to the standard cholera epidemic response package.SchwerdtleP, OnekonCK, RecocheK. A quantitative systematic review and meta-analysis of the effectiveness of oral cholera vaccine as a reactive measure in cholera outbreaks. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2018;33(1):2–6.

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SOCIOECONOMIC DETERMINANTS OF THE EFFICACY OF AN ORAL CHOLERA VACCINE IN A HIGH RISK URBAN SETTING

10.26226/morressier.58fa1768d462b80290b50d4d ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Amit Saha

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Urban Setting ◽

Cholera Vaccine ◽

Socioeconomic Determinants ◽

Oral Cholera Vaccine

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Efficacy of a Single-Dose, Inactivated Oral Cholera Vaccine in Bangladesh.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.726357296.793521698 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Niyaz Ahmed

Keyword(s):

Single Dose ◽

Cholera Vaccine ◽

Oral Cholera Vaccine

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of An overview of VaxchoraTM, a live attenuated oral cholera vaccine.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.737698123.793573197 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Toshihiro Horii ◽

Nirianne Palacpac

Keyword(s):

Cholera Vaccine ◽

Oral Cholera Vaccine

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Use of surveys to evaluate an integrated oral cholera vaccine campaign in response to a cholera outbreak in Hoima district, Uganda

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038464 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. e038464

Author(s):

Godfrey Bwire ◽

Mellisa Roskosky ◽

Anne Ballard ◽

W Abdullah Brooks ◽

Alfred Okello ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staff Training ◽

Vaccine Coverage ◽

Vaccination Campaign ◽

Cholera Vaccine ◽

Cholera Outbreak ◽

Staff Members ◽

Skill Gaps ◽

Post Test ◽

Oral Cholera Vaccine ◽

Coverage Rates

ObjectivesTo evaluate the quality and coverage of the campaign to distribute oral cholera vaccine (OCV) during a cholera outbreak in Hoima, Uganda to guide future campaigns of cholera vaccine.DesignSurvey of communities targeted for vaccination to determine vaccine coverage rates and perceptions of the vaccination campaign, and a separate survey of vaccine staff who carried out the campaign.SettingHoima district, Uganda.ParticipantsRepresentative clusters of households residing in the communities targeted for vaccination and staff members who conducted the vaccine campaign.ResultsAmong 209 households (1274 individuals) included in the coverage survey, 1193 (94%; 95% CI 92% to 95%) reported receiving at least one OCV dose and 998 (78%; 95% CI 76% to 81%) reported receiving two doses. Among vaccinated individuals, minor complaints were reported by 71 persons (5.6%). Individuals with ‘some’ education (primary school or above) were more knowledgeable regarding the required OCV doses compared with non-educated (p=0.03). Factors negatively associated with campaign implementation included community sensitisation time, staff payment and problems with field transport. Although the campaign was carried out quickly, the outbreak was over before the campaign started. Most staff involved in the campaign (93%) were knowledgeable about cholera control; however, 29% did not clearly understand how to detect and manage adverse events following immunisation.ConclusionThe campaign achieved high OCV coverage, but the surveys provided insights for improvement. To achieve high vaccine coverage, more effort is needed for community sensitisation, and additional resources for staff transportation and timely payment for campaign staff is required. Pretest and post-test assessment of staff training can identify and address knowledge and skill gaps.

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Effectiveness of one dose of oral cholera vaccine in response to an outbreak: a case-cohort study

The Lancet Global Health ◽

10.1016/s2214-109x(16)30211-x ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (11) ◽

pp. e856-e863 ◽

Cited By ~ 74

Author(s):

Andrew S Azman ◽

Lucy A Parker ◽

John Rumunu ◽

Fisseha Tadesse ◽

Francesco Grandesso ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Cholera Vaccine ◽

Oral Cholera Vaccine

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BioBoard

Asia-Pacific Biotech News ◽

10.1142/s0219030304001491 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 08 (18) ◽

pp. 991-993

Keyword(s):

Cell Phones ◽

Organic Food ◽

Bluefin Tuna ◽

Cholera Vaccine ◽

Bird Flu ◽

Oral Cholera Vaccine

Organic Energy Alternative? The Truth about Organic Food. First Oral Cholera Vaccine in Production in China. New Biotech Incubation Center in Taipei. Cats Can Catch Bird Flu. Chloroplasts-Powered Laptops or Cell Phones? Lab Cultivated Bluefin Tuna Hit Market. New National Biotech Committee in Taiwan Soon.

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