Potential risk factors contributing to acute respiratory infections among under 5 years children in Rwanda

Analysis of Risk Factors Associated with Acute Respiratory Infections among Under-Five Children in Uganda

10.21203/rs.3.rs-685180/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yassin Nshimiyimana ◽

Yingchun Zhou

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Young Children ◽

Potential Risk ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Acute Respiratory Infections ◽

Under Five ◽

Under Five Children ◽

Disease Outcomes ◽

Potential Risk Factors

Abstract Background: Globally, 7.4 million young children are being killed from infectious and treatable diseases, and Saharan Africa accounts for 90% of deaths. In Uganda, Acute Respiratory Infections (ARIs) remain the leading cause of childhood morbidity and mortality among under-five children. The study aims to identify and analyze contributing potential risk factors of childhood ARIs disease among under-five children in Uganda.Methods: A case-control study was conducted using data for 13,493 sampled under-five children retrieved from a recent 2016 Uganda Demographic and Health Survey. We compared two supervised tree-like structure machine learning algorithms and two logistic regression methods in terms of classification performances in predicting ARIs disease outcomes and analysing various child and parental socio-demographic, behavioural, and environmental characteristics.Results: The study results revealed that the ARIs prevalence among under-five children accounted 40.3% cases. The Logistic regression findings showed that the risk of developing childhood ARIs disease declined with increase in child's age where the risk of having ARIs was higher in children in one year of birth (AOR=1.27; p < 0:001) and lower in children aged four years old (AOR=0.69; p < 0:001) compared to the infants. Other factors such as the age of mother where children born from teen mothers (15-19 years) were high likely (AOR=1.28; p < 0:001) to have ARIs illness compared to those whose mothers were in the middle age groups, and children whose mothers breastfed showed a lower risk of ARIs disease (AOR=0.83; p < 0:001) compared to those who not breastfed. In the dry season, children were more likely to develop ARIs disease (AOR=1.34; p < 0:001) compared to the wet season, and factors such as the region of residences like central region, mother employment, and domestic cooking energy like wood were also potential risk factors of ARIs disease among under-five children in Uganda. In addition, three methods such as Decision Tree (Accuracy = 61.2%; AUC=0.610), Elastic Net Logistic Regression (Accuracy=61.7%; AUC=0.627), and Binary Logistic Regression (Accuracy=62.1%; AUC=0.638) showed approximately similar performances in predicting and classifying ARIs disease outcomes. However, the Random Forest (Accuracy=88.7%; AUC=0.951) showed superior difference in performance comparatively.Conclusion: Government and healthcare stakeholders need to make effective programs to improve public health policy against childhood infectious diseases by targeting the proper provision of maternal and child health-related education to household heads and mothers to adopt and prioritize breastfeeding practices, childcare, and ensure proper dwelling places for families and young children particularly in crowded regions and geographic places where ARIs prevalence is high.

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Potential risk factors contributing to acute respiratory infections in under five age group children

International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health ◽

10.5455/ijmsph.2014.200820141 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 3 (11) ◽

pp. 1385 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Atul Choube ◽

Bhushan Kumar ◽

Syed Mahmood ◽

Anurag Srivastava

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Potential Risk ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Acute Respiratory Infections ◽

Age Group ◽

Under Five ◽

Potential Risk Factors

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2791. Burden of Respiratory Infections in Trainees Higher Than Healthcare Records Indicate: Results from an Anonymous Survey

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofz360.2468 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. S986-S986

Author(s):

Stephanie Richard ◽

Patrick Danaher ◽

Brian White ◽

Katrin Mende ◽

Timothy Burgess ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Potential Risk ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Smoking Status ◽

Activity Level ◽

Mitigation Strategies ◽

Military Population ◽

Chi Square ◽

Potential Risk Factors ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background Influenza-like illnesses (ILIs) are common in military populations, particularly among trainees, and can impair mission-readiness. To develop effective preventive measures against ILIs, it is vital to understand the ILI burden in the military population and identify potential risk factors for infection. Methods Anonymous ILI surveys were administered from January 2017 to March 2019 to military medical trainees living in a congregated setting on Fort Sam Houston (JBSA-FSH), TX. The surveys included questions about sociodemographic characteristics, weight, height, smoking status, activity level, as well as some basic questions about ILI and potential risk factors. Factors associated with ILI were identified using chi-square, t-tests, and multivariate models. Results 2,381 surveys were returned that included age, sex, and ILI information. Respondents were 16–54 years old, 1,301 (55%) were male, 782 (33%) were Air Force, 817 (34%) were Army, and 763 (32%) were Navy/Marines. 39% of those surveyed (929) reported having experienced an ILI during their training with 40% (370) seeking healthcare for those symptoms. The primary reasons for seeking healthcare included the severity of the illness (59%), concern about spreading the illness (50%), and the accessibility of healthcare (41%). 53% of the respondents reported that ILI had an impact on their performance, among whom 77% stated reduced study time, 66% missing physical training, and 53% missed class. The final multivariate model indicates that men and participants 30+ years old were less likely to report ILI (OR 0.69 (0.58, 0.82); OR 0.65, (0.45, 0.94)) (Figure 1). In addition, participants who reported washing their hands after they coughed or sneezed were less likely to report having had an ILI (OR 0.73 (0.61, 0.89)). Conclusion Although 39% of respondents reported having an ILI during their training, only 40% sought healthcare, indicating that ILIs are more common during training than healthcare records indicate. More information is needed regarding how training outcomes vary among those with ILI who seek care, those with ILI who do not seek care and those without ILI during training, to allow a better estimate of the impact of ILI and development of ILI mitigation strategies. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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Premature Arterial Disease Associated with Familial Antithrombin III Deficiency

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1645677 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 63 (01) ◽

pp. 013-015 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

E J Johnson ◽

C R M Prentice ◽

L A Parapia

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Venous Thromboembolism ◽

Potential Risk ◽

Antithrombin Iii ◽

Arterial Disease ◽

Coagulation System ◽

Early Age ◽

Arterial Thromboembolism ◽

Potential Risk Factors ◽

Antithrombin Iii Deficiency

SummaryAntithrombin III (ATIII) deficiency is one of the few known abnormalities of the coagulation system known to predispose to venous thromboembolism but its relation to arterial disease is not established. We describe two related patients with this disorder, both of whom suffered arterial thrombotic events, at an early age. Both patients had other potential risk factors, though these would normally be considered unlikely to lead to such catastrophic events at such an age. Thrombosis due to ATIII deficiency is potentially preventable, and this diagnosis should be sought more frequently in patients with arterial thromboembolism, particularly if occurring at a young age. In addition, in patients with known ATIII deficiency, other risk factors for arterial disease should be eliminated, if possible. In particular, these patients should be counselled against smoking.

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