scholarly journals Detection of vancomycin variable enterococci (VVE) among clinical isolates of Enterococcus faecium collected across India-first report from the subcontinent

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lakshmi Shree Viswanath ◽  
Madhan Sugumar ◽  
Sreeram Chandra Murthy Peela ◽  
Kamini Walia ◽  
Sujatha Sistla
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
First Report

scholarly journals Prevalence of the erm(T) Gene in Clinical Isolates of Erythromycin-Resistant Group D Streptococcus and Enterococcus

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 1567-1569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda P. DiPersio ◽  
Joseph R. DiPersio ◽  
Kevin C. Frey ◽  
Jacqueline A. Beach
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
First Report ◽  
Resistant Group ◽  
Group D

ABSTRACT Among 48 erythromycin-resistant group D streptococci (GDS), 36 had the erm(T) resistance gene. erm(T) was also found in 4 of 31 erythromycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium isolates. This is the first report of the erm(T) gene in U.S. GDS isolates and the first report of the erm(T) gene in enterococci.

First Detection of OXA-10 Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases and the Occurrence of mexR and nfxB in Clinical Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Nigeria

Chemotherapy ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bamidele T. Odumosu ◽  
Bola A. Adeniyi ◽  
Ram Chandra
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Efflux Pump ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Beta Lactamases ◽  
First Report ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases ◽  
Regulator Genes

Background: The characterization of β-lactamase production in Pseudomonasaeruginosa is rarely reported in Nigeria. The objective of this study was to investigate the occurrence and characterize the different β-lactamases as well as mechanisms of fluoroquinolones resistance among P. aeruginosa isolated from various clinical sources from Nigeria. Materials and Method: Isolates were investigated using PCR, RFLP and sequencing for the detection of various β-lactamases and efflux pump regulator genes. Result: The prevalence of OXA-10, AmpC, CTX-M and SHV in P. aeruginosa was 80, 70, 5 and 5%, respectively. The coexistence of blaOXA-10 with blaAmpC, blaSHV and blaCTX-M was reported in 40, 5 and 5% of isolates, respectively. The efflux pump regulator genes mexR and nfxB were both amplified in 45% of the OXA-10-positive isolates. Conclusion: This is the first report of the characterization of OXA-10 extended-spectrum β-lactamases and occurrence of mexR and nfxB efflux regulator genes in clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa in Nigeria.

scholarly journals Retrospective Analysis on Antimicrobial Resistance Trends and Prevalence of β-lactamases in Escherichia coli and ESKAPE Pathogens Isolated from Arabian Patients during 2000–2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1626
Author(s):  
Mahfouz Nasser ◽  
Snehal Palwe ◽  
Ram Naresh Bhargava ◽  
Marc G. J. Feuilloley ◽  
Arun S. Kharat
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Arab Region ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Eskape Pathogens

The production of diverse and extended spectrum β-lactamases among Escherichia coli and ESKAPE pathogens is a growing threat to clinicians and public health. We aim to provide a comprehensive analysis of evolving trends of antimicrobial resistance and β-lactamases among E. coli and ESKAPE pathogens (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acine to bacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species) in the Arabian region. A systematic review was conducted in Medline PubMed on papers published between January 2000 and February 2020 on countries in the Arab region showing different antibiotic resistance among E. coli and ESKAPE pathogens. A total of n = 119,144 clinical isolates were evaluated for antimicrobial resistance in 19 Arab countries. Among these clinical isolates, 74,039 belonged to E. coli and ESKAPE pathogen. Distribution of antibiotic resistance among E. coli and ESKAPE pathogens indicated that E. coli (n = 32,038) was the predominant pathogen followed by K. pneumoniae (n = 17,128), P. aeruginosa (n = 11,074), methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA, n = 4370), A. baumannii (n = 3485) and Enterobacter spp. (n = 1574). There were no reports demonstrating Enterococcus faecium producing β-lactamase. Analyses revealed 19 out of 22 countries reported occurrence of ESBL (Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase) producing E. coli and ESKAPE pathogens. The present study showed significantly increased resistance rates to various antimicrobial agents over the last 20 years; for instance, cephalosporin resistance increased from 37 to 89.5%, fluoroquinolones from 46.8 to 70.3%, aminoglycosides from 40.2 to 64.4%, mono-bactams from 30.6 to 73.6% and carbapenems from 30.5 to 64.4%. An average of 36.9% of the total isolates were reported to have ESBL phenotype during 2000 to 2020. Molecular analyses showed that among ESBLs and Class A and Class D β-lactamases, blaCTX-M and blaOXA have higher prevalence rates of 57% and 52.7%, respectively. Among Class B β-lactamases, few incidences of blaVIM 27.7% and blaNDM 26.3% were encountered in the Arab region. Conclusion: This review highlights a significant increase in resistance to various classes of antibiotics, including cephalosporins, β-lactam and β-lactamase inhibitor combinations, carbapenems, aminoglycosides and quinolones among E. coli and ESKAPE pathogens in the Arab region.

scholarly journals Association of Alterations in ParC and GyrA Proteins with Resistance of Clinical Isolates of Enterococcus faecium to Nine Different Fluoroquinolones

1999 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 2513-2516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvain Brisse ◽  
Ad C. Fluit ◽  
Ulrich Wagner ◽  
Peter Heisig ◽  
Dana Milatovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Clinical Isolates

ABSTRACT The parC and gyrA genes of 73 ciprofloxacin-resistant and 6 ciprofloxacin-susceptibleEnterococcus faecium clinical isolates were partly sequenced. Alterations in ParC and GyrA, possibly in combination with other resistance mechanisms, severely restricted the in vitro activities of the nine quinolones tested. For all isolates, clinafloxacin and sitafloxacin showed the best activities.

scholarly journals High-level resistance to gentamicin in clinical isolates of Streptococcus (Enterococcus) faecium.

1988 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 1528-1532 ◽  
Author(s):  
G M Eliopoulos ◽  
C Wennersten ◽  
S Zighelboim-Daum ◽  
E Reiszner ◽  
D Goldmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
High Level ◽  
Level Resistance

scholarly journals Influence of Inoculum Effect on the Efficacy of Daptomycin Monotherapy and in Combination with β-Lactams against Daptomycin-Susceptible Enterococcus faecium Harboring LiaSR Substitutions

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Razieh Kebriaei ◽  
Seth A. Rice ◽  
Kavindra V. Singh ◽  
Kyle C. Stamper ◽  
An Q. Dinh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Bloodstream Infection ◽  
Clinical Isolate ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Dose Regimen ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Inoculum Effect ◽  
Derivatives Of

ABSTRACT Enterococcus faecium isolates that harbor LiaFSR substitutions but are phenotypically susceptible to daptomycin (DAP) by current breakpoints are problematic, since predisposition to resistance may lead to therapeutic failure. Using a simulated endocardial vegetation (SEV) pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) model, we investigated DAP regimens (6, 8, and 10 mg/kg of body weight/day) as monotherapy and in combination with ampicillin (AMP), ceftaroline (CPT), or ertapenem (ERT) against E. faecium HOU503, a DAP-susceptible strain that harbors common LiaS and LiaR substitutions found in clinical isolates (T120S and W73C, respectively). Of interest, the efficacy of DAP monotherapy, at any dose regimen, was dependent on the size of the inoculum. At an inoculum of ∼109 CFU/g, DAP doses of 6 to 8 mg/kg/day were not effective and led to significant regrowth with emergence of resistant derivatives. In contrast, at an inoculum of ∼107 CFU/g, marked reductions in bacterial counts were observed with DAP at 6 mg/kg/day, with no resistance. The inoculum effect was confirmed in a rat model using humanized DAP exposures. Combinations of DAP with AMP, CPT, or ERT demonstrated enhanced eradication and reduced potential for resistance, allowing de-escalation of the DAP dose. Persistence of the LiaRS substitutions was identified in DAP-resistant isolates recovered from the SEV model and in DAP-resistant derivatives of an initially DAP-susceptible clinical isolate of E. faecium (HOU668) harboring LiaSR substitutions that was recovered from a patient with a recurrent bloodstream infection. Our results provide novel data for the use of DAP monotherapy and combinations for recalcitrant E. faecium infections and pave the way for testing these approaches in humans.

scholarly journals 1798. Phenotypic and Genotypic Impact of Antibiotic Stewardship Intervention on Daptomycin-Nonsusceptible Enterococcus faecium (DNSE) Clinical Isolates

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S509-S510
Author(s):  
Abhay Dhand ◽  
Leslie Lee ◽  
Nicholas Feola ◽  
Donald Chen ◽  
Nevenka Dimitrova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Antibiotic Stewardship ◽  
Clinical Isolates

scholarly journals Diversity of TEM Mutants in Proteus mirabilis

1999 ◽  
Vol 43 (11) ◽  
pp. 2671-2677 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Bonnet ◽  
C. De Champs ◽  
D. Sirot ◽  
C. Chanal ◽  
R. Labia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Substitution ◽  
Proteus Mirabilis ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Amino Acid Substitutions ◽  
First Report ◽  
Conjugative Plasmids ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Nucleotide Mutation

ABSTRACT In a survey of resistance to amoxicillin among clinical isolates ofProteus mirabilis, 10 TEM-type β-lactamases were characterized: (i) the well-known penicillinases TEM-1 and TEM-2, the extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) TEM-3 and TEM-24, and the inhibitor-resistant TEM (IRT) TEM-44 and (ii) five novel enzymes, a penicillinase TEM-57 similar to TEM-1, an ESBL TEM-66 similar to TEM-3, and three IRTs, TEM-65, TEM-73, and TEM-74. The penicillinase TEM-57 and the ESBL TEM-66 differed from TEM-1 and TEM-3, respectively, by the amino acid substitution Gly-92→Asp (nucleotide mutation G-477→A). This substitution could have accounted for the decrease in pIs (5.2 for TEM-57 and 6.0 for TEM-66) but did not necessarily affect the intrinsic activities of these enzymes. The IRT TEM-65 was an IRT-1-like IRT (Cys-244) related to TEM-2 (Lys-39). The two other IRTs, TEM-73 and TEM-74, were related to IRT-1 (Cys-244) and IRT-2 (Ser-244), respectively, and harbored the amino acid substitutions Leu-21→Phe and Thr-265→Met. In this study, the ESBLs TEM-66, TEM-24, and TEM-3 were encoded by large (170- to 180-kb) conjugative plasmids that exhibited similar patterns after digestion and hybridization with the TEM and AAC(6′)I probes. The three IRTs TEM-65, TEM-73, and TEM-74 were encoded by plasmids that ranged in size from 42 to 70 kb but for which no transfer was obtained. The characterization of five new plasmid-mediated TEM-type β-lactamases and the first report of TEM-24 in P. mirabilis are evidence of the wide diversity of β-lactamases produced in this species and of its possible role as a β-lactamase-encoding plasmid reservoir.

scholarly journals Characteristic of Enterococcus faecium clinical isolates with quinupristin/dalfopristin resistance in China

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanshan Wang ◽  
Yinjuan Guo ◽  
Jingnan Lv ◽  
Xiuqin Qi ◽  
Dan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Clinical Isolates
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