A probable case of leprosy from colonial period St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Southeastern Caribbean

Despite interest in the origins of syphilis, paleopathological analysis has not provided answers, and paleogenetic diagnosis remains a challenge. Even venereal syphilis has low infectivity which means there are few circulating bacteria for most of the individual’s life. Human remains recovered from the Nossa Senhora do Carmo Church (17th to 19th centuries) and the Praça XV Cemetery (18th to 19th centuries), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were subjected toTreponemapaleogenetic analysis. Historical data point to endemic treponemal infections in the city, including venereal syphilis. Based on the physiopathology ofTreponema palliduminfection, 25 samples, mostly from skull remains of young adults, with no visible paleopathological evidence of treponematoses, were analyzed. PCR with three molecular targets,tpp47,polA, andtpp15, were applied. Ancient DNAtpp15 sequences were recovered from two young adults from each archaeological site and revealed the polymorphism that characterizesT. p.subsp.pallidumin a female up to 18 years old, suggesting a probable case of syphilis infection. The results indicated that the epidemiological context and the physiopathology of the disease should be considered in syphilis paleogenetic detection. The findings ofTreponemasp. aDNA are consistent with historical documents that describe venereal syphilis and yaws as endemic diseases in Rio de Janeiro. Data on the epidemiological characteristics of the disease and its pathophysiology offer new perspectives in paleopathology.

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The Role of the Zakat System during the Colonial-period in Malaysia and Uzbekistan: A Comparative Analysis

Islamic Banking and Finance Review ◽

10.32350/ibfr.2017.04.03 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 04 ◽

pp. 40-54

Author(s):

Avazbek Ganiyev Oybekovich ◽

◽

Hassan Shakeel Shah ◽

Mohammad Ayaz ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Comparative Analysis ◽

Colonial Period

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The Effect of the Political Situation in the City of Jerusalem on the Rights of the Jerusalem Women

Al-Raida Journal ◽

10.32380/alrj.v0i0.52 ◽

1970 ◽

pp. 36-47

Author(s):

Fadwa Al-Labadi

Keyword(s):

Middle East ◽

Middle Eastern ◽

Colonial Period ◽

Sexual Life ◽

Family Status ◽

Colonial Legacy ◽

Legal Principle ◽

The Social ◽

The City ◽

Legislative Processes

The concept of citizenship was introduced to the Arab and Islamic region duringthe colonial period. The law of citizenship, like all other laws and regulations inthe Middle East, was influenced by the colonial legacy that impacted the tribal and paternalistic systems in all aspects of life. In addition to the colonial legacy, most constitutions in the Middle East draw on the Islamic shari’a (law) as a major source of legislation, which in turn enhances the paternalistic system in the social sector in all its dimensions, as manifested in many individual laws and the legislative processes with respect to family status issues. Family is considered the nucleus of society in most Middle Eastern countries, and this is specifically reflected in the personal status codes. In the name of this legal principle, women’s submission is being entrenched, along with censorship over her body, control of her reproductive role, sexual life, and fertility.

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RELASI ISLAM DAN NASIONALISME DALAM SEJARAH BANGSA INDONESIA

ALQALAM ◽

10.32678/alqalam.v30i3.1062 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

pp. 563

Author(s):

Suhaimi Suhaimi

Keyword(s):

Cultural Nationalism ◽

Early Growth ◽

Colonial Period ◽

New Order ◽

Japanese Colonial ◽

Muslim Intellectuals ◽

Colonization Period ◽

The Times ◽

The Relationship ◽

Governance Reforms

In line with the times demand, nationlism changes as a dynamic of dialectics proceeds with changes in social, political, and ekonomic in the country and global levels. Based on a review of historical chronology, this paper analyzed descriptively the relationship between Islam and nationalism in Indonesia. Since the early growth of nationalism and the Dutch colonization period in Indonesia, Islam became the spirit of sacrifice of lives and property of the Indonesian people's fighting to get independence and on the Japanese colonial period and the early days of independence, Islam through the muslim leaders founction as base of departure and developer awareness of nasionalism, patriotism and unity to defend the independence. Despite the authoritarian New Order ruler cope with Islam through the establishment of the Association of Indonesian Muslim Intellectuals (ICMI), but awareness of national Muslim leaders to build Indonesia managed to push governance reforms. And in this era of reform, the spirit of nationalism and the spirit of sacrifice of the Indonesian leaders increasingly eroded by corruption. Key words: proto-nationalism, political nationalism, cultural nationalism.

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TBE in United Kingdom

Tick-borne encephalitis - The Book ◽

10.33442/26613980_12b35-3 ◽

2020 ◽

Keyword(s):

United Kingdom ◽

Clinical Disease ◽

England And Wales ◽

Probable Case ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

South West ◽

Louping Ill ◽

The Uk ◽

North And South ◽

South West England

Until 2019, TBE was considered only to be an imported disease to the United Kingdom. In that year, evidence became available that the TBEV is likely circulating in the country1,2 and a first “probable case” of TBE originating in the UK was reported.3 In addition to TBEV, louping ill virus (LIV), a member of the TBEV-serocomplex, is also endemic in parts of the UK. Reports of clinical disease caused by LIV in livestock are mainly from Scotland, parts of North and South West England and Wales.4

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Koreans across the Sea: Migration of Laborers to the Metropole, 1910–1937

European Journal of Korean Studies ◽

10.33526/ejks.20191901.161 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 161-200

Author(s):

Mikwi Cho

Keyword(s):

Capital Accumulation ◽

Regional Scale ◽

Living Conditions ◽

Colonial Period ◽

Global City ◽

Japanese Empire ◽

Chain Migration ◽

Free Mobility

This paper is concerned with Korean farmers who were transformed into laborers during the Korean colonial period and migrated to Japan to enhance their living conditions. The author’s research adopts a regional scale to its investigation in which the emergence of Osaka as a global city attracted Koreans seeking economic betterment. The paper shows that, despite an initial claim to permit the free mobility of Koreans, the Japanese empire came to control this mobility depending on political, social, and economic circumstances of Japan and Korea. For Koreans, notwithstanding poverty being a primary trigger for the abandonment of their homes, the paper argues that their migration was facilitated by chain migration and they saw Japan as a resolution to their economic hardships in the process of capital accumulation by the empire.

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The Incorporation of American Religion: The Case of the Presbyterians

Religion and American Culture A Journal of Interpretation ◽

10.1525/rac.1991.1.1.03a00060 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 101-118

Author(s):

Louis Weeks

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Voluntary Associations ◽

The United States ◽

Colonial Period ◽

American Religion ◽

Cultural Patterns ◽

Christian Church ◽

Non Profit ◽

Protestant Denominations ◽

Family Groups

The Christian church, including all its various branches, has been consistently susceptible to the forces that form or change cultures. Scholars claim that this adaptability has been extremely important in the rise and spread of the religion. In the American environment, Protestants formed voluntary associations that attracted people individually and by family groups. This environment actually shaped “denominations” even during the colonial period. One such denomination was the Presbyterians, who pioneered in the formation of a communion that existed as neither a “state church” nor a “dissenting” church body. As the United States experienced industrialization and growing complexity in economic and cultural patterns, the Protestant denominations were affected by those same forces. Thus, denominations naturally became what came to be termed “non-profit corporations,” subject to the limitations and problems of such organizations but also the beneficiaries of that system as well.

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