Regional Free Movement of People at the Global Level: The Case of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAU)

The paper research is on free movement of people at the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). It introduces the main components of the EAEU’s free mobility regime, its promises and challenges. The author argues that the free movement of people regimes are not similar and respond to different needs and origins. Trying to answer, if free movement of people in the EAEU Treaty is the EU Model, the author discovers that in fact, the EAEU’s scheme finds its roots in regional treaties signed and developed in the post-Soviet space in the 1990s. The paper has a discussion on the challenges of implementation and interpretation and situates them within a larger global panorama of regional free mobility schemes beyond the EU. Conclusions are made with some thoughts and suggestions for future research, also in light of the general closure of borders during the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper offers different insights on the free movement of workers at EAEU level. It has identified how the EU cannot really be considered as a model on several key aspects, notably the absence of the principle of non-discrimination enshrined in the Treaty and the lack of a secure residence status beyond the conclusion of an employment agreement. Researchers will need to continue to measure and investigate its implementation and the effects the free movement regime has in the inclusion of EAEU workers. More research will also be needed in light of the closure of borders during the pandemic and the effects that might have in the near future on the EAEU’s free movement regime.

Mobility Restrictions and Transnational Families: How COVID-19 Pandemic May Affect Families and Caring for Children?

In this article, we analyse how global mobility restrictions related to COVID-19 may affect Lithuanian transnational families and transnational practices of parenting. The article draws on the data from the quota-based survey, implemented while carrying out the research project ‘Global Migration and Lithuanian Family: Family Practices, Circulation of Care and Return Strategies’ (No. S-MIP-17-117), funded by the Lithuanian Research Council, to analyse the transnational care practices that require the mobility of family members. The challenges created by the pandemic are discussed while analysing the data from the case studies of transnational families. The article reveals that the free mobility of family members in the global world is an important part of the transnational care practices, ensuring continuity of family relations and childcare, regardless of the residence of the family members. The anti-mobility regimes create challenges to family unity, intergenerational relations and give ground to the emergence of new stigmas.

Duración del desempleo y la migración en México ante la crisis financiera

This article examines structural breaks in the effect of the unemployment duration for the population of Mexico on the probability of migrating, both internal and internationally. Data from the National Survey of Occupation and Employment for 2007, 2008, and 2010 is used, and estimations are made from both binary and multinomial response models. Furthermore, a Chowtype test is used to estimate structural breaks in the unemployment duration effect after the financial crisis, and sensitivity tests are carried out using different specifications of the migration and unemployment duration variables. The results show that after the crisis the unemployment duration effects on the probability of migrating have been reduced, leading to restrictions on the free mobility of the labor factor

Inclusive Mobility – how to tackle needs and challenges of persons with reduced mobility

Mobility is an essential component of all European societies and is at the heart of the European Integration project. It is widely recognized that all citizens should be able to participate in economic, social and cultural life. European Union addresses investment in multimodal, environment-friendly, green, safe transport and mobility, to name some of the objectives, it seeks to achieve by mobilizing different funds. The idea of accessible transport is also high on the EU agenda. Accessibility is a multi-faceted objective, it can include the availability of information, the connection of metropolitan areas with rural or remote areas and also other aspects. However, the basic idea of accessibility in an integrated area should primarily mean the barrier-free mobility of people with disabilities and people with reduced mobility. This problem deserves to receive much more attention than is currently the case, considering that many recent studies estimate that the number of senior citizens and people with disabilities will double in the next 20 years.

Migration and Labor Market Integration in Europe

The European labor market allows for the border-free mobility of workers across 31 countries that cover most of the continent’s population. However, rates of migration across European countries remain considerably lower than interstate migration in the United States, and spatial variation in terms of unemployment or income levels is larger. We document patterns of migration in Europe, which include a sizable migration from east to west in the last twenty years. An analysis of worker-level microdata provides some evidence for an international convergence in wage rates and for modest static gains from migration. We conclude by discussing obstacles to migration that reduce the potential for further labor market integration in Europe.

An improved AODV routing security algorithm based on blockchain technology in ad hoc network

Ad hoc network is a special network with centerless and dynamic topology. Due to the free mobility of the nodes, routing security has been a bottleneck problem that plagues its development. Therefore, a multi-path QoS (quality of service) routing security algorithm based on blockchain by improving the traditional AODV (ad hoc on-demand distance vector) protocol (AODV-MQS) is proposed. Firstly, a chain of nodes is established in the network and the states of all nodes by making the intermediate nodes on the chain are saved. Secondly, the smart contract in the blockchain is set to filter out the nodes that meet the QoS constraints. Finally, two largest unrelated communication paths are found in the blockchain network through smart contract, one of which is the main path and the other is the standby path. Simulation experiments show that the performance of the proposed algorithm is better than other algorithms, especially in an unsafe environment.

An Improved AODV Routing Security Algorithm Based on Blockchain Technology in Ad Hoc Network

Ad Hoc network is a special network with centerless and dynamic topology. Due to the free mobility of the nodes, routing security has been a bottleneck problem that plagues its development. Therefore, a multi-path QoS (Quality of Service) routing security algorithm based on blockchain by improving the traditional AODV (Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector) protocol (AODV-MQS) is proposed. Firstly, a chain of nodes is established in the network and the states of all nodes by making the intermediate nodes on the chain are saved. Secondly, the smart contract in the blockchain is set to filter out the nodes that meet the QoS constraints. Finally, two largest unrelated communication paths are found in the blockchain network through smart contract, one of which is the main path and the other is the standby path. Simulation experiments show that the performance of the proposed algorithm is better than other algorithms, especially in an unsafe environment.