scholarly journals Identification of the General Anesthesia Induced Loss of Consciousness by EEG Spectrum Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 168 ◽  
pp. S224-S225
Author(s):  
Yuqin Li ◽  
Fali Li ◽  
Lin Jiang ◽  
Dezhong Yao ◽  
Tao Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Spectrum Analysis ◽  
Loss Of Consciousness ◽  
Eeg Spectrum

scholarly journals The Effect of Glycopyrrolate on Induction Dose of Propofol during General Anesthesia

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-65
Author(s):  
Suman Arora ◽  
Harihar Vishwanath Hegde ◽  
Jyotsna Wig
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Saline Group ◽  
Small Extent ◽  
Loss Of Consciousness ◽  
Test Drug ◽  
Normal Saline Group ◽  
Induction Dose

ABSTRACT Background Preinduction cardiac output (CO) is a small but significant predictor of induction dose of propofol. We hypothesized that glycopyrrolate, by inducing tachycardia (although to a small extent) would increase CO, and hence the induction dose of propofol. Aim of the study was to find out the dose of propofol required to induce anesthesia in patients receiving glycopyrrolate as compared to those not receiving it. Meterials and methods Eighty female patients (25-60 years, ASA-1, 2) undergoing elective procedures under general anesthesia were randomized into group G (glycopyrrolate) and group C (control). Patients received 1 ml (0.2 mg) glycopyrrolate (group G) or 1 ml normal saline (group C) intravenously 5 minutes before induction. Anesthesia was induced with propofol at a rate of 0.8 mg/kg/min titrated to achieve a target BIS = 40. Dose of propofol required for induction of anesthesia (loss of consciousness) and to reach the target BIS, heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) at various intervals were compared. Correlation between the dose of propofol required to reach target BIS = 40 and heart rate after giving the test drug was performed by regression analysis. Results The dose of propofol required for achieving target BIS was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in group G (2.08 ± 0.42 mg/kg) (mean ± SD) as compared to group C (1.66 ± 0.23 mg/ kg). There was a significant positive correlation between the preinduction HR (3 minutes after giving the test drug) and the propofol dose required to reach target BIS = 40 (r = 0.356, p < 0.01). Conclusion Administration of 0.2 mg of glycopyrrolate intravenously before induction of general anesthesia significantly increased the dose of propofol required for induction of anesthesia. How to cite this article Arora S, Hegde HV, wig J, Puri GD. The Effect of Glycopyrrolate on Induction Dose of Propofol during General Anesthesia. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2015;49(2): 62-65.

The Study of EEG Spectrum Analysis as a Method of Monitoring the Depth of Anesthesia

2004 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Seong Wan Baik ◽  
Sung Jin Lee ◽  
Soo Young Ye ◽  
Sang Oh Chun ◽  
Gye Rock Jeon
Keyword(s):  
Spectrum Analysis ◽  
Depth Of Anesthesia ◽  
Eeg Spectrum

scholarly journals Propofol Requirement in Patients with Growth Hormone-Secreting Pituitary Tumors Undergoing Transsphenoidal Surgery

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 571
Author(s):  
Seung Hyun Kim ◽  
Namo Kim ◽  
Eui Hyun Kim ◽  
Sungmin Suh ◽  
Seung Ho Choi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Transsphenoidal Surgery ◽  
Pituitary Tumors ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Loss Of Consciousness ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Gh Secretion ◽  
Effect Site ◽  
Effect Site Concentration

Growth hormone (GH) secretion is regulated by various hormones or neurotransmitters, including gamma-aminobutyric acid. The aim of this study was to determine the propofol requirement in patients with GH-secreting pituitary tumors undergoing transsphenoidal surgery. General anesthesia was induced in 60 patients with GH-secreting tumors (GH group, n = 30) or nonfunctioning pituitary tumors (NF group, n = 30) using an effect-site target-controlled intravenous propofol infusion. The effect-site concentrations were recorded at both a loss of consciousness and a bispectral index (BIS) of 40, along with the effect-site concentration after extubation, during emergence from the anesthesia. The effect-site concentration of propofol was higher in the GH group than in the NF group at a loss of consciousness and a BIS of 40 (4.09 ± 0.81 vs. 3.58 ± 0.67, p = 0.009 and 6.23 ± 1.29 vs. 5.50 ± 1.13, p = 0.025, respectively) and immediately after extubation (1.60 ± 0.27 vs. 1.40 ± 0.41, p = 0.046). The total doses of propofol and remifentanil during anesthesia were comparable between the groups (127.56 ± 29.25 vs. 108.64 ± 43.16 µg/kg/min, p = 0.052 and 6.67 ± 2.89 vs. 7.05 ± 1.96 µg/kg/h, p = 0.550, respectively). The propofol requirement for the induction of a loss of consciousness and the achievement of a BIS of 40 is increased during the induction of general anesthesia in patients with GH-secreting tumors.

Guidelines for the Elective Use of Conscious Sedation, Deep Sedation, and General Anesthesia in Pediatric Patients

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-321
Author(s):  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Conscious Sedation ◽  
Deep Sedation ◽  
Loss Of Consciousness ◽  
Physical Stimulation ◽  
Verbal Command ◽  
Patent Airway ◽  
Level Of Consciousness ◽  
Definition Of

The goals of sedation and general anesthesia in the ambulatory patient are: (1) patient welfare; (2) control of patient behavior; (3) production of positive psychological response to treatment; and (4) return to pretreatment level of consciousness by time of discharge. DEFINITION OF TERMS Terms used in this document are defined as follows: Pediatric patients: Includes all patients who are infants, children, and adolescents less than age of majority. Must or shall: Indicates an imperative need and/or duty; as essential or indispensable; mandatory. Should: Indicates the recommended manner of obtaining the standard; highly desirable. May or could: Indicates freedom or liberty to follow a suggested or reasonable alternative. Conscious sedation: Conscious sedation is a minimally depressed level of consciousness that retains the patient's ability to maintain a patent airway independently and continuously, and respond appropriately to physical stimulation and/or verbal command, eg, "Open your eyes." For the very young or handicapped individual, incapable of the usually expected verbal responses, a minimally depressed level of consciousness for that individual should be maintained. The caveat that loss of consciousness should be unlikely is a particularly important part of the definition of conscious sedation, and the drugs and techniques used should carry a margin of safety wide enough to render unintended loss of consciousness unlikely. Deep sedation: Deep sedation is a controlled state of depressed consciousness or unconsciousness from which the patient is not easily aroused, which may be accompanied by a partial or complete loss of protective reflexes, including the ability to maintain a patent airway independently and respond purposefully to physical stimulation or verbal command.

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