scholarly journals Incidence and length of outbreak period of COVID-19 and population density in comparison with seasonal influenza in Japan

IJID Regions ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroki Akaba ◽  
Kazuaki Jindai ◽  
Yugo Shobugawa ◽  
Hitoshi Oshitani
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Seasonal Influenza ◽  
Outbreak Period

scholarly journals Link between COVID-19-related in-hospital mortality in continental France administrative areas and weather: an ecological study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. e043269
Author(s):  
Mehdi Mejdoubi ◽  
Mehdi Djennaoui ◽  
Xavier Kyndt
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Hospital Death ◽  
Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Climate Zones ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Outbreak Period ◽  
Hospital Deaths

ObjectiveTo assess the effect of a weather index on in-hospital COVID-19-linked deaths.DesignEcological study.SettingContinental France administrative areas (départements; henceforth counties). The study period, from 18 March to 30 May 2020, corresponds to the main first outbreak period in France.PopulationCOVID-19-linked in-hospital deaths.Main outcome measuresIn-hospital deaths and demographics (population, human density, male sex and population percentage >59 years old) were obtained from national and centralised public databases. County weather indexes were calculated by the French National Meteorological Agency.MethodsIn this observational ecological study, the relationship between in-hospital COVID-19-related mortality and climate zones in continental French counties were analysed, by comparing the cumulative in-hospital death tolls in France by county to other factors (population density, climate, age and sex). The study period lasted from 18 March to 30 May 2020. A multivariate linear-regression analysis of in-hospital mortality included climate zones, population density, population >59 years old and percentages of males as potential predictors. The significance level was set at 5%.ResultsWeather indicators and population density were factors independently associated with the COVID-19 death toll. Colder counties had significantly higher mortality rates (p<0.00001). Percentages of males and population >59 years old in counties did not affect COVID-19 in-hospital mortality.ConclusionsMany parameters influence COVID-19 outbreak-severity indicators. Population density is a strong factor but its exact importance is difficult to discern. Weather (mainly cold winter temperatures) was independently associated with mortality and could help explain outbreak dynamics, which began and were initially more severe in the coldest counties of continental France. Weather partly explains fatality-rate discrepancies observed worldwide.

Seasonal Influenza Diagnosis and Treatment

2009 ◽  
Vol 42 (14) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
WILLIAM E. GOLDEN ◽  
ROBERT H. HOPKINS
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Influenza ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment

Convergence of regional population density in Russia over 120 years

2020 ◽  
pp. 133-158
Author(s):  
K. A. Kholodilin ◽  
Y. I. Yanzhimaeva
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Spatial Dependence ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Capital City ◽  
County Level ◽  
Spatial Effects ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Regional Population ◽  
Regional Population Density

A relative uniformity of population distribution on the territory of the country is of importance from socio-economic and strategic perspectives. It is especially important in the case of Russia with its densely populated West and underpopulated East. This paper considers changes in population density in Russian regions, which occurred between 1897 and 2017. It explores whether there was convergence in population density and what factors influenced it. For this purpose, it uses the data both at county and regional levels, which are brought to common borders for comparability purposes. Further, the models of unconditional and conditional β-convergence are estimated, taking into account the spatial dependence. The paper concludes that the population density equalization took place in 1897-2017 at the county level and in 1926—1970 at the regional level. In addition, the population density increase is shown to be influenced not only by spatial effects, but also by political and geographical factors such as climate, number of GULAG camps, and the distance from the capital city.

Extension of the Spatial PDI Model to Three Dimensions

1997 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 176-178
Author(s):  
Frank O'Brien
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Finite Lattice ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Upper Bounds ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Lower And Upper Bounds ◽  
Density Index ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

The author's population density index ( PDI) model is extended to three-dimensional distributions. A derived formula is presented that allows for the calculation of the lower and upper bounds of density in three-dimensional space for any finite lattice.

Community based design approach as initial stage to promote urban composting from a Hill Station of the Philippines

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelino Jr Lunag ◽  
Jessie C. Elauria ◽  
Juanito D. Burguillos
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Community Involvement ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
High Population Density ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Hill Station ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Household Members ◽  
Community Based Design

This study confirms that lack of space due to high population density restricts household members and the barangay to comply with the existing law regarding composting. With these, community involvement in the design stage of compost bin as initial stage was done accordingly. The participants were voluntarily interviewed and were given questionnaires, which was endorsed and approved by barangay committee.

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