Chemosensory Cell-Derived Acetylcholine Drives Tracheal Mucociliary Clearance in Response to Virulence-Associated Formyl Peptides

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to examine nasal mucociliary clearance time in patients with Helicobacter pylori infection.MethodsFifty patients who were newly diagnosed with H pylori infection using gastric biopsy in the gastroenterology out-patient clinic, and 50 age- and gender-matched healthy adults who were admitted to the otorhinolaryngology out-patient clinic, were included in this study. After an otorhinolaryngological examination (anterior rhinoscopy and nasal endoscopic examination), the nasal mucociliary clearance time of each subject was calculated using the saccharine test.ResultsThe mean mucociliary clearance time was 06:29 ± 3:31 minutes (range, 00:55–15:19 minutes) in the control group and 10:12 ± 06:09 minutes (range, 01:28–32:00 minutes) in the study group. Comparisons of the two groups revealed a statistically significant difference (p = 0.002).ConclusionNasal mucociliary clearance time was significantly increased in patients with H pylori infection. The results suggest that H pylori infection may have an unfavourable effect on nasal mucociliary clearance.

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Nasal Mucociliary Clearance in Prolonged Tracheostomy Patients: A Prospective Case–Control Study

Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery ◽

10.1007/s12070-021-02625-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Prerit Rao ◽

Rohit Singh ◽

R. Balakrishnan ◽

Dipak Ranjan Nayak

Keyword(s):

Mucociliary Clearance ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Control Study ◽

Nasal Mucociliary Clearance ◽

Prospective Case Control Study

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Cold bubble humidification of low-flow oxygen does not prevent acute changes in inflammation and oxidative stress at nasal mucosa

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-93837-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Lauriana Alves Santana ◽

Suellen Karoline Moreira Bezerra ◽

Beatriz Mangueira Saraiva-Romanholo ◽

Wellington Pereira Yamaguti ◽

Iolanda de Fátima Lopes Calvo Tibério ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Nasal Mucosa ◽

Oxygen Therapy ◽

Mucociliary Clearance ◽

Nasal Cannula ◽

Compressed Air ◽

Low Flow ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Nasal Symptoms ◽

Nasal Inflammation

AbstractSome clinical situations require the use of oxygen therapy for a few hours without hypoxemia. However, there are no literature reports on the effects of acute oxygen therapy on the nasal mucosa. This study aimed to evaluate the acute effects of cold bubble humidification or dry oxygen on nasal Inflammation, oxidative stress, mucociliary clearance, and nasal symptoms. This is a randomized controlled cross-sectional study in which healthy subjects were randomly allocated into four groups: (1) CA + DRY (n = 8): individuals receiving dry compressed air; (2) OX + DRY (n = 8): individuals receiving dry oxygen therapy; (3) CA + HUMID (n = 7): individuals receiving cold bubbled humidified compressed air; (4) OX + HUMID (n = 8): individuals receiving cold bubbled humidified oxygen therapy. All groups received 3 L per minute (LPM) of the oxygen or compressed air for 1 h and were evaluated: total and differential cells in the nasal lavage fluid (NLF), exhaled nitric oxide (eNO), 8-iso-PGF2α levels, saccharin transit test, nasal symptoms, and humidity of nasal cannula and mucosa. Cold bubble humidification is not able to reduced nasal inflammation, eNO, oxidative stress, mucociliary clearance, and nasal mucosa moisture. However, subjects report improvement of nasal dryness symptoms (P < 0.05). In the conclusion, cold bubble humidification of low flow oxygen therapy via a nasal cannula did not produce any effect on the nasal mucosa and did not attenuate the oxidative stress caused by oxygen. However, it was able to improve nasal symptoms arising from the use of oxygen therapy.

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Computational analysis of a 3D mucociliary clearance model predicting nasal drug uptake

Journal of Aerosol Science ◽

10.1016/j.jaerosci.2021.105757 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 155 ◽

pp. 105757

Author(s):

Sriram Chari ◽

Karthik Sridhar ◽

Ross Walenga ◽

Clement Kleinstreuer

Keyword(s):

Computational Analysis ◽

Mucociliary Clearance ◽

Drug Uptake ◽

Clearance Model

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Sinonasal effects of external dacryocystorhinostomy

The Journal of Laryngology & Otology ◽

10.1017/s002221512100181x ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-4

Author(s):

H Eyigor ◽

E A Cetinkaya ◽

D T Coban ◽

G Ozturk ◽

Ö Erdem

Keyword(s):

Mucociliary Clearance ◽

Nasal Symptom ◽

Ciliary Activity ◽

Test Results ◽

Saccharine Test ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Symptom Scores ◽

Endoscopic Score ◽

External Dacryocystorhinostomy

Abstract Objective External dacryocystorhinostomy is thought to cause mucociliary dysfunction by damaging the mucosa, in turn affecting ciliary activity and mucus quality. This study investigated the effect of external dacryocystorhinostomy on sinonasal function. Methods Patients scheduled for unilateral external dacryocystorhinostomy who underwent endoscopic nasal examination and paranasal sinus computed tomography were included in this study. A saccharine test was performed on the planned surgical side and the mucociliary clearance time was determined. The sinonasal quality of life was measured in all patients, pre-operatively and at six months post-operatively, using the Sino-Nasal Outcome Test-22. The Lund–Kennedy endoscopic score was also determined in all patients, both pre- and post-operatively. Results The study comprised 28 patients (22 females and 6 males). A statistically significant difference was found between the pre- and post-operative saccharine test results (p = 0.006), but not between the pre- and post-operative Sino-Nasal Outcome Test-22 scores (p > 0.05). Conclusion This study is one of only a few to investigate the effect of external dacryocystorhinostomy on sinonasal function. The results showed that external dacryocystorhinostomy impairs mucociliary clearance. The surgical procedure is well tolerated and does not significantly change nasal symptom scores.

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Signaling Control of Mucociliary Epithelia: Stem Cells, Cell Fates, and the Plasticity of Cell Identity in Development and Disease

Cells Tissues Organs ◽

10.1159/000514579 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-18

Author(s):

Peter Walentek

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Mucociliary Clearance ◽

Cell Types ◽

Secretory Cells ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

Cell Identity ◽

Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽

Congenital Diseases ◽

Inhaled Particles ◽

Mucociliary Epithelia

Mucociliary epithelia are composed of multiciliated, secretory, and stem cells and line various organs in vertebrates such as the respiratory tract. By means of mucociliary clearance, those epithelia provide a first line of defense against inhaled particles and pathogens. Mucociliary clearance relies on the correct composition of cell types, that is, the proper balance of ciliated and secretory cells. A failure to generate and to maintain correct cell type composition and function results in impaired clearance and high risk to infections, such as in congenital diseases (e.g., ciliopathies) as well as in acquired diseases, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). While it remains incompletely resolved how precisely cell types are specified and maintained in development and disease, many studies have revealed important mechanisms regarding the signaling control in mucociliary cell types in various species. Those studies not only provided insights into the signaling contribution to organ development and regeneration but also highlighted the remarkable plasticity of cell identity encountered in mucociliary maintenance, including frequent trans-differentiation events during homeostasis and specifically in disease. This review will summarize major findings and provide perspectives regarding the future of mucociliary research and the treatment of chronic airway diseases associated with tissue remodeling.

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