Behavioral and brain dynamics of executive control in relation to children's fluid intelligence

Intelligence ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 84 ◽  
pp. 101513
Author(s):  
Josué Rico-Picó ◽  
Ángela Hoyo ◽  
Sonia Guerra ◽  
Ángela Conejero ◽  
M. Rosario Rueda
Keyword(s):  
Executive Control ◽  
Fluid Intelligence ◽  
Brain Dynamics

Active Bilingualism in Aging: Balanced Bilingualism Usage and Less Frequent Language Switching Relate to Better Conflict Monitoring and Goal Maintenance Ability

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (9) ◽  
pp. e231-e241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara G H Chan ◽  
Wei Quin Yow ◽  
Adam Oei
Keyword(s):  
Older Adult ◽  
Task Switching ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Fluid Intelligence ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Conflict Monitoring ◽  
Language Switching ◽  
Goal Maintenance

Abstract Objectives Experience-related neuroplasticity suggests that bilinguals who actively manage their two languages would develop more efficient neural organization at brain regions related to language control, which also overlap with areas involved in executive control. Our aim was to examine how active bilingualism—manifested as the regular balanced use of two languages and language switching—may be related to the different domains of executive control in highly proficient healthy older adult bilinguals, controlling for age, processing speed, and fluid intelligence. Methods Participants were 76 community-dwelling older adults who reported being physically and mentally healthy and showed no signs of cognitive impairment. They completed a self-report questionnaire on their language background, two computer measures for previously identified covariates (processing speed as measured by two-choice reaction time (RT) task and fluid intelligence as measured by the Raven’s Progressive Matrices), as well as a battery of computerized executive control tasks (Color-shape Task Switching, Stroop, Flanker, and Spatial 2-back task). Results Regression analyses showed that, even after controlling for age, processing speed, and fluid intelligence, more balanced bilingualism usage and less frequent language switching predicted higher goal maintenance (nonswitch trials RT in Color-shape Task Switching) and conflict monitoring abilities (global RT in Color-shape Task Switching and Flanker task). Discussion Results suggest that active bilingualism may provide benefits to maintaining specific executive control abilities in older adult bilinguals against the natural age-related declines.

Storage capacity explains fluid intelligence but executive control does not

Intelligence ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 278-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Chuderski ◽  
Maciej Taraday ◽  
Edward Nęcka ◽  
Tomasz Smoleń
Keyword(s):  
Executive Control ◽  
Fluid Intelligence ◽  
Storage Capacity

scholarly journals Capacity, Control, or Both – Which Aspects of Working Memory Contribute to Children’s General Fluid Intelligence?

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Nęcka ◽  
Agata Lulewicz
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Creative Thinking ◽  
Fluid Intelligence ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Working Memory Capacity ◽  
Capacity Control ◽  
Prepotent Response ◽  
Raven's Progressive Matrices

Abstract Starting from the assumption that working memory capacity is an important predictor of general fluid intelligence, we asked which aspects of working memory account for this relationship. Two theoretical stances are discussed. The first one posits that the important explanatory factor is storage capacity, roughly defined as the number of chunks possible to hold in the focus of attention. The second one claims that intelligence is explained by the efficiency of executive control, for instance, by prepotent response inhibition. We investigated 96 children at the age between 10 and 13. They completed a version of the n-back task that allows assessment of both storage capacity and inhibitory control. They also completed Raven’s Progressive Matrices as the fluid intelligence test and the Test for Creative Thinking - Drawing Production, for control purposes. We found that Raven’s scores correlated negatively with the number of unnecessary responses to irrelevant stimuli but they did not correlate with the number of signal detections. We conclude that children’s fluid intelligence depends on inhibitory control, with no relationship with storage capacity.

scholarly journals Is executive control related to working memory capacity and fluid intelligence?

2019 ◽  
Vol 148 (8) ◽  
pp. 1335-1372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alodie Rey-Mermet ◽  
Miriam Gade ◽  
Alessandra S. Souza ◽  
Claudia C. von Bastian ◽  
Klaus Oberauer
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Fluid Intelligence ◽  
Working Memory Capacity ◽  
Memory Capacity

scholarly journals Fluid Intelligence as a Mediator of the Relationship between Executive Control and Balanced Time Perspective

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Zajenkowski ◽  
Maciej Stolarski ◽  
Joanna Witowska ◽  
Oliwia Maciantowicz ◽  
Paweł Łowicki
Keyword(s):  
Executive Control ◽  
Time Perspective ◽  
Fluid Intelligence ◽  
Balanced Time Perspective ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Learning brain dynamics for decoding and predicting individual differences

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Pessoa ◽  
Chirag Limbachia ◽  
Joyneel Misra ◽  
Srinivas Govinda Surampudi ◽  
Manasij Venkatesh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Fluid Intelligence ◽  
Binary Classification ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Brain Dynamics ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Spatially Distributed ◽  
Dynamic Version ◽  
Low Dimensional ◽  
Multivariate Pattern

Insights from functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), as well as recordings of large numbers of neurons, reveal that many cognitive, emotional, and motor functions depend on the multivariate interactions of brain signals. To decode brain dynamics, we propose an architecture based on recurrent neural networks to uncover distributed spatiotemporal signatures. We demonstrate the potential of the approach using human fMRI data during movie-watching data and a continuous experimental paradigm. The model was able to learn spatiotemporal patterns that supported 15-way movie-clip classification (~90%) at the level of brain regions, and binary classification of experimental conditions (~60%) at the level of voxels. The model was also able to learn individual differences in measures of fluid intelligence and verbal IQ at levels comparable or better than existing techniques. We propose a dimensionality reduction approach that uncovers low-dimensional trajectories and captures essential informational (i.e., classification related) properties of brain dynamics. Finally, saliency maps were employed to characterize brain-region/voxel importance, and uncovered how dynamic but consistent changes in fMRI activation influenced decoding performance. When applied at the level of voxels, our framework implements a dynamic version of multivariate pattern analysis. We believe our approach provides a powerful framework for visualizing, analyzing, and discovering dynamic spatially distributed brain representations during naturalistic conditions.

Global Increase in Task-related Fronto-parietal Activity after Focal Frontal Lobe Lesion

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1542-1552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Woolgar ◽  
Daniel Bor ◽  
John Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Fluid Intelligence ◽  
Behavioral Performance ◽  
Critical Question ◽  
System A ◽  
Frontal Lobe Damage ◽  
Global Increase ◽  
Increased Activity ◽  
Frontal Lobe Lesion

A critical question for neuropsychology is how complex brain networks react to damage. Here, we address this question for the well-known executive control or multiple-demand (MD) system, a fronto-parietal network showing increased activity with many different kinds of cognitive demand, including standard tests of fluid intelligence. Using fMRI, we ask how focal frontal lobe damage affects MD activity during a standard fluid intelligence task. Despite poor behavioral performance, frontal patients showed increased fronto-parietal activity relative to controls. The activation difference was not accounted for by difference in IQ. Moreover, rather than specific focus on perilesional or contralesional cortex, additional recruitment was distributed throughout the MD regions and surrounding cortex and included parietal MD regions distant from the injury. The data suggest that, following local frontal lobe damage, there is a global compensatory recruitment of an adaptive and integrated fronto-parietal network.

scholarly journals Successful Learning: Relationship Between Fluid Intelligence and Working Memory

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-74
Author(s):  
I.E. Rzhanova ◽  
O.S. Alekseeva ◽  
Yu.A. Burdukova
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Fluid Intelligence ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Training ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
The Relationship

The article provides an overview of modern works devoted to the study of the relationship between fluid intelligence and working memory. Recently, the world of psychological science has been actively discussing the topic of fluid intelligence and its impact on the academic achievements in childhood. One of the main cognitive characteristics most clearly associated with fluid intelligence is working memory. Working memory is a complex integrative function, in the implementation of which short-term and long-term memory, as well as executive control of attention, are involved. Until now, the debatable question remains, which of the components of working memory is most closely related to fluid intelligence. A number of studies conclude that the role of short-term memory is predominant, while in others executive control is called the most important component. A special place in the study of the relationship between working memory and fluid intelligence is occupied by scientific works which raise the question of the possibilities of improvement of fluid intelligence using working memory training series. In a number of training experiments, it was possible to obtain an improvement in the participants' fluid intelligence indicators after a series of working memory trainings.

scholarly journals Learning brain dynamics for decoding and predicting individual differences

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. e1008943
Author(s):  
Joyneel Misra ◽  
Srinivas Govinda Surampudi ◽  
Manasij Venkatesh ◽  
Chirag Limbachia ◽  
Joseph Jaja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Fluid Intelligence ◽  
Binary Classification ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Brain Dynamics ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Spatially Distributed ◽  
Dynamic Version ◽  
Low Dimensional ◽  
Multivariate Pattern

Insights from functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), as well as recordings of large numbers of neurons, reveal that many cognitive, emotional, and motor functions depend on the multivariate interactions of brain signals. To decode brain dynamics, we propose an architecture based on recurrent neural networks to uncover distributed spatiotemporal signatures. We demonstrate the potential of the approach using human fMRI data during movie-watching data and a continuous experimental paradigm. The model was able to learn spatiotemporal patterns that supported 15-way movie-clip classification (∼90%) at the level of brain regions, and binary classification of experimental conditions (∼60%) at the level of voxels. The model was also able to learn individual differences in measures of fluid intelligence and verbal IQ at levels comparable to that of existing techniques. We propose a dimensionality reduction approach that uncovers low-dimensional trajectories and captures essential informational (i.e., classification related) properties of brain dynamics. Finally, saliency maps and lesion analysis were employed to characterize brain-region/voxel importance, and uncovered how dynamic but consistent changes in fMRI activation influenced decoding performance. When applied at the level of voxels, our framework implements a dynamic version of multivariate pattern analysis. Our approach provides a framework for visualizing, analyzing, and discovering dynamic spatially distributed brain representations during naturalistic conditions.

scholarly journals Enhancement of Executive Control through Short-term Cognitive Training: Far-transfer Effects on General Fluid Intelligence

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-78
Author(s):  
Radosław Wujcik ◽  
Michał Nowak ◽  
Edward Nęcka
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Fluid Intelligence ◽  
Control Group ◽  
General Effect ◽  
Short Term ◽  
School Students ◽  
Iq Scores

Abstract We predicted that short-term training of executive control would improve both cognitive control itself (Hypothesis 1) and general fluid intelligence (Hypothesis 2). We randomly assigned 120 high school students to the experimental and control groups. The former underwent a 14-day training of four executive functions: interference resolution, response inhibition, task switching, and goal monitoring. The latter did not train anything. The training significantly improved cognitive control and IQ. The control group also improved their IQ scores but gained less than the experimental one. However, the amount of IQ scores enhancement did not correlate with the majority of indices of the training effectiveness, thus justifying the supposition that such enhancement resulted from the general effect of participation in the training rather than from the improvement of executive functions underlying Gf.

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