Peculiar Paradoxical Results That Puzzle Me

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (13) ◽  
pp. 1698-1699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan D. Sniderman
Keyword(s):  
Paradoxical Results

To Discriminate in Order to Fight Discrimination

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dolores Morondo Taramundi
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
The Other ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
European Court ◽  
Main Technique ◽  
Antidiscrimination Law ◽  
The One ◽  
Paradoxical Results ◽  
Conflicts Of Rights

This chapter analyses arguments regarding conflicts of rights in the field of antidiscrimination law, which is a troublesome and less studied area of the growing literature on conflicts of rights. Through discussion of Ladele and McFarlane v. The United Kingdom, a case before the European Court of Human Rights, the chapter examines how the construction of this kind of controversy in terms of ‘competing rights’ or ‘conflicts of rights’ seems to produce paradoxical results. Assessment of these apparent difficulties leads the discussion in two different directions. On the one hand, some troubles come to light regarding the use of the conflict of rights frame itself in the field of antidiscrimination law, particularly in relation to the main technique (‘balancing of rights’) to solve them. On the other hand, some serious consequences of the conflict of rights frame on the development of the antidiscrimination theory of the ECtHR are unearthed.

scholarly journals Waving plants and turbulent eddies

2010 ◽  
Vol 652 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. FINNIGAN
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Large Eddy Simulations ◽  
Plant Canopy ◽  
Turbulent Eddies ◽  
Plant Canopies ◽  
Large Eddy ◽  
Flexible Plant ◽  
Paradoxical Results

New large-eddy simulations of flow over a flexible plant canopy by Dupont et al. (J. Fluid Mech., 2010, this issue, vol. 652, pp. 5–44) have produced apparently paradoxical results. Work over the last three decades had suggested that turbulent eddies could ‘lock onto’ to the waving frequency of uniform cereal canopies. Their new simulations contradict this view, although a resolution may lie in the essentially three-dimensional nature of the instability process that generates the dominant eddies above plant canopies.

scholarly journals Variation of female pronucleus reveal oocyte or embryo abnormality: An expert experience deep learning of non-dark box analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingwei Yang ◽  
Yikang Wang ◽  
Chong Li ◽  
Wei Han ◽  
Weiwei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Measurement Method ◽  
Genetic Test ◽  
Automatic Recognition ◽  
Exponential Fitting ◽  
Qualitative Detection ◽  
Female Pronucleus ◽  
Analysis Of The Images ◽  
Zygote Stage ◽  
Paradoxical Results

Background: Pronuclear assessment appears to have the ability to distinguish good and bad embryos in the zygote stage,but paradoxical results were obtained in clinical studies.This situation might be caused by the robust qualitative detection of the development of dynamic pronuclei. Here,we aim to establish a quantitative pronuclear measurement method by applying expert experience deep learning from large annotated datasets. Methods: Convinced handle-annotated 2PN images(13419) were used for deep learning then corresponded errors were recorded through handle check for subsequent parameters adjusting. We used 790 embryos with 52479 PN images from 155 patients for analysis the area of pronuclei and the preimplantation genetic test results.Establishment of the exponential fitting equation and the key coefficient β1 was extracted from the model for quantitative analysis for pronuclear(PN) annotation and automatic recognition. Findings: Based on the female original PN coefficient β1,the chromosome normal rate in the blastocyst with biggest PN area is much higher than that of the blastocyst with smallest PN area(58.06% vs.45.16%, OR=1.68[1.07-2.64];P=0.031).After adjusting coefficient β1 by the first three frames which high variance of outlier PN areas was removed, coefficient β1 at 12 hours and at 14 hours post-insemination,similar but stronger evidence was obtained. All these discrepancies resulted from the female propositus in the PGT(SR) subgroup and smaller chromosomal errors. Conclusion(s): The results suggest that detailed analysis of the images of embryos could improve our understanding of developmental biology. Funding: None

Depth from Dichoptic Edges Depends on Vergence Tuning

Perception ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jodi D Krol ◽  
Wim A van de Grind
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Control System ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Fixation Disparity ◽  
Low Contrast ◽  
Fixation Distance ◽  
Depth Vision ◽  
Opposite Contrast ◽  
Paradoxical Results

Small but reproducible fixation disparities occur in normal subjects when they view certain types of dichoptic stimuli. During dichoptic as well as stereoptic stimulation the motor fusion process determines first the average vergence state of the eyes. The subsequent fine tuning of vergence is shown to depend on the spatial distribution of contrast edges both of the same contrast sign (‘stereoptic edges’) and of opposite contrast sign (‘dichoptic edges’). Stereoptic edges tend to induce superposition attempts of the vergence control system and dichoptic edges tend to antagonise this process. If a single low-contrast dichoptic edge is presented with zero disparity and within a stereoptic reference frame, a fixation disparity of several minutes of arc results. This influences depth vision since dichoptic edges are perceived (as monocular edges) at the actual rather than at the intended fixation distance. The findings explain previous paradoxical results of eg Kaufman and Pitblado who reported seeing depth in opposite-contrast stereograms. Their results seemed to contradict the well-established ‘same-sign rule’ (SSR) which states that the stereoptic system only detects disparities of edges with the same contrast sign. It is concluded that (i) the SSR holds; (ii) dichoptic (and monocular) edges are seen at the horopter; (iii) the vergence fine tuning prevents superposition of dichoptic edges even if this causes a fixation disparity.

Biochemical and morphological criteria for disseminated intravascular coagulation

2001 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-127
Author(s):  
I. I. Litvinov ◽  
G. M. Kharin
Keyword(s):  
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Correct Interpretation ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Intravascular Coagulation ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Morphological Criteria ◽  
Fundamental Research ◽  
Paradoxical Results

In the development of many diseases and pathological conditions, an important role belongs to hemocoagulation disorders, which are often realized in the form of clinical and laboratory symptoms combined into disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome (DIC). Much fundamental research has been devoted to the study of the biochemical and morphological manifestations of this syndrome [2, 3, 5, 6], but the data presented are often contradictory, and with the advent of new theoretical concepts and methodological techniques, they require revision. Adequate laboratory diagnosis of DIC should be based on a clear understanding of its pathogenesis, without which the correct interpretation of the variable and sometimes paradoxical results of laboratory diagnostic studies is impossible.

Evidence for genetic suppression of heterogenetic chromosome pairing in polyploidy species of Solanum, sect. Petota

1983 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 530-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Dvořák
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Diploid Hybrid ◽  
Polyploid Species ◽  
Chromosome Differentiation ◽  
Genetic Suppression ◽  
Solanum Sect ◽  
Paradoxical Results

Data on chromosome pairing in haploids and interspecific hybrids of Solanum, sect. Petota reported in the literature were used to determine whether the diploidlike chromosome pairing that occurs in some of the polyploid species of the section is regulated by the genotype or brought about by some other mechanism. The following trends emerged from these data. Most of the polyploid × polyploid hybrids had high numbers of univalents, which seemed to indicate that the polyploid species were constructed from diverse genomes. Haploids, except for those derived from S. tuberosum, had incomplete chromosome pairing. All hybrids from diploid × diploid crosses had more or less regular chromosome pairing, which suggested that all investigated diploid species have the same genome. Likewise, hybrids from polyploid × diploid crosses had high levels of chromosome pairing. These paradoxical results are best explained if it is assumed that (i) the genotypes of most polyploid species, but not those of the diploid species, suppress heterogenetic pairing, (ii) that nonstructural chromosome differentiation is present among the genomes of both diploid and polyploid species, and (iii) the presence of the genome of a diploid species in a polyploid × diploid hybrid results in promotion of heterogenetic pairing. It is, therefore, concluded that heterogenetic pairing in most of the polyploid species is genetically suppressed.

On a barrier anti-Zeno effect in a special model allowing for an analytical solution

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 1750069 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. A. Namiot ◽  
L. Yu. Shchurova
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Solution ◽  
Analytic Solution ◽  
Cold Fusion ◽  
Tunneling Probability ◽  
Particle Flow ◽  
Special Shape ◽  
Barrier Permeability ◽  
Special Model ◽  
Zeno Effect ◽  
Paradoxical Results

We consider a situation when observations can increase particle flow across a barrier by many orders of magnitude compared with the tunneling probability (a barrier anti-Zeno effect). It may be of interest for explaining the paradoxical results of experiments on “cold fusion” that has earlier been observed by other authors for various systems. We examine the anti-Zeno effect in a model of a barrier of a special shape, which has similarities with the form of barriers to nuclear fusion in a solid, and moreover has an analytic solution. We have deducted formulas that demonstrate the conditions of increasing the barrier permeability.

scholarly journals Paradoxical Results of Infundibular Resection in Tetralogy of Fallot

Circulation ◽  
1959 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 823-830 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. M. BESTERMAN ◽  
T. V. O'DONNELL ◽  
WALTER SOMERVILLE
Keyword(s):  
Tetralogy Of Fallot ◽  
Paradoxical Results
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