Laboratory diagnostics for hereditary angioedema: An economic, evidence-based standpoint

The pervasive scarcity of resources relative to the demands upon them makes it necessary for decision makers to think carefully about choices. Evidence from economics can help to inform such choices, particularly as it relates to costs, outcomes, the efficiency with which resources are used, the distribution of benefits and burdens across different individuals and budgets, and the processes by which care and treatment are delivered. However, there is still insufficient economic evidence to inform the full range of decisions to be taken in the dementia field; indeed the accumulated volume of evidence remains very modest. The measurement of cost is often too narrow, and there is some disagreement about whether and how to include the costs (direct or indirect) incurred by caregivers. The conceptualization of outcomes for certain purposes has generated argument, especially when attempts are made to introduce generic measures that apply across many clinical areas. It has not always been demonstrated that such measures have any validity in the dementia field. Other comparatively neglected areas have been research on equity and the processes by which care is delivered. Finally, the paper looks at economic barriers to implementation of evidence-based interventions, and the policy levers that might prove influential.

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Electronic tools in clinical laboratory diagnostics: key examples, limitations, and value in laboratory medicine

Journal of Laboratory Medicine ◽

10.1515/labmed-2021-0114 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 45 (6) ◽

pp. 319-324

Author(s):

Mary Kathryn Bohn ◽

Giulia F. Fabiano ◽

Khosrow Adeli

Keyword(s):

Clinical Laboratory ◽

Laboratory Data ◽

Reference Intervals ◽

Medical Laboratory ◽

Laboratory Diagnostics ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Complex Data ◽

Clinical Implementation ◽

Patient Centered ◽

Diagnostic Management

Abstract Electronic tools in clinical laboratory diagnostics can assist laboratory professionals, clinicians, and patients in medical diagnostic management and laboratory test interpretation. With increasing implementation of electronic health records (EHRs) and laboratory information systems worldwide, there is increasing demand for well-designed and evidence-based electronic resources. Both complex data-driven and simple interpretative electronic healthcare tools are currently available to improve the integration of clinical and laboratory information towards a more patient-centered approach to medicine. Several studies have reported positive clinical impact of electronic healthcare tool implementation in clinical laboratory diagnostics, including in the management of neonatal bilirubinemia, cardiac disease, and nutritional status. As patients have increasing access to their medical laboratory data, it is essential that accessible electronic healthcare tools are evidence-based and user-friendly for individuals of varying digital and medical literacy. Indeed, studies suggest electronic healthcare tool development processes significantly lack the involvement of relevant healthcare professionals and often present misinformation, including erroneous calculation algorithms or inappropriate interpretative recommendations. The current review provides an overview of the utility of available electronic healthcare tools in clinical laboratory diagnostics and critically reviews potential limitations and benefits of their clinical implementation. The Canadian Laboratory Initiative on Pediatric Reference Intervals (CALIPER) online database is also detailed as an example of a pediatric diagnostic tool with widespread global impact.

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Economic Evidence for Evidence-Based Practice

Journal of Nursing Scholarship ◽

10.1111/j.1547-5069.2002.00277.x ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 277-282 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Patricia W. Stone ◽

Christine R. Curran ◽

Suzanne Bakken

Keyword(s):

Evidence Based Practice ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Economic Evidence

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Laboratory medicine in modern teaching clinical physicians

Russian Journal of Cardiology ◽

10.15829/1560-4071-2021-4385 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 ◽

pp. 4385

Author(s):

T. V. Vavilova ◽

O. V. Sirotkina ◽

N. Yu. Chernysh ◽

V. S. Berestovskaya ◽

Yu. I. Zhilenkova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Performance ◽

Laboratory Tests ◽

Clinical Laboratory ◽

Practical Experience ◽

Laboratory Medicine ◽

High Tech ◽

Laboratory Diagnostics ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Technological Breakthrough ◽

Based Medicine

At the end of the last century and, especially, in the first two decades of the 21st century, a significant technological breakthrough took place in clinical laboratory diagnostics in Russia. The transition from manual techniques to high-tech and high-performance automated systems has changed the potential of laboratory medicine. The laboratory has become a high-tech, rapidly developing branch of medical organizations. Following the changes in technology, the range of diagnostic tests began to alter, while the list of laboratory tests available grew. These dynamics are growing every year. Simple routine techniques, practiced for all patients, are complemented by more specific tests. The place of conventional routine tests has been determined by many years of practical experience, while modern analyzers allow the use of tests with a high evidence value of recommendations, which, in the context of evidence-based medicine, enable the clinician to conduct a personalized diagnostic search. At the same time, in order to use all the possibilities of laboratory medicine, the discipline Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics should be included in educational programs at different stages of a doctor's training.

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Abstraction: An alternative neurocognitive account of recognition, prediction, and decision making

Behavioral and Brain Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0140525x19003017 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

Author(s):

Valerie F. Reyna ◽

David A. Broniatowski

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Software Engineering ◽

Systems Engineering ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Extensive Literature ◽

Trace Theory ◽

Fuzzy Trace Theory ◽

Abstract Representations ◽

Technical Systems

Abstract Gilead et al. offer a thoughtful and much-needed treatment of abstraction. However, it fails to build on an extensive literature on abstraction, representational diversity, neurocognition, and psychopathology that provides important constraints and alternative evidence-based conceptions. We draw on conceptions in software engineering, socio-technical systems engineering, and a neurocognitive theory with abstract representations of gist at its core, fuzzy-trace theory.

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Misophonia: An Evidence-Based Case Report

American Journal of Audiology ◽

10.1044/2020_aja-19-00111 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (4) ◽

pp. 685-690

Author(s):

C. S. Vanaja ◽

Miriam Soni Abigail

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Case Report ◽

Case History ◽

Pure Tone ◽

Physiological Responses ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Management Option ◽

Pure Tone Audiogram

Purpose Misophonia is a sound tolerance disorder condition in certain sounds that trigger intense emotional or physiological responses. While some persons may experience misophonia, a few patients suffer from misophonia. However, there is a dearth of literature on audiological assessment and management of persons with misophonia. The purpose of this report is to discuss the assessment of misophonia and highlight the management option that helped a patient with misophonia. Method A case study of a 26-year-old woman with the complaint of decreased tolerance to specific sounds affecting quality of life is reported. Audiological assessment differentiated misophonia from hyperacusis. Management included retraining counseling as well as desensitization and habituation therapy based on the principles described by P. J. Jastreboff and Jastreboff (2014). A misophonia questionnaire was administered at regular intervals to monitor the effectiveness of therapy. Results A detailed case history and audiological evaluations including pure-tone audiogram and Johnson Hyperacusis Index revealed the presence of misophonia. The patient benefitted from intervention, and the scores of the misophonia questionnaire indicated a decrease in the severity of the problem. Conclusions It is important to differentially diagnose misophonia and hyperacusis in persons with sound tolerance disorders. Retraining counseling as well as desensitization and habituation therapy can help patients who suffer from misophonia.

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