Metabolomic profiling revealed altered lipid metabolite levels in childhood food allergy

Obesity rates among children are growing rapidly worldwide, placing massive pressure on healthcare systems. Untargeted metabolomics can expand our understanding of the pathogenesis of obesity and elucidate mechanisms related to its symptoms. However, the metabolic signatures of obesity in children have not been thoroughly investigated. Herein, we explored metabolites associated with obesity development in childhood. Untargeted metabolomic profiling was performed on fasting serum samples from 27 obese Caucasian children and adolescents and 15 sex- and age-matched normal-weight children. Three metabolomic assays were combined and yielded 726 unique identified metabolites: gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (HILIC LC–MS/MS), and lipidomics. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed clear discrimination between the untargeted metabolomes of obese and normal-weight children, with 162 significantly differentially expressed metabolites between groups. Children with obesity had higher concentrations of branch-chained amino acids and various lipid metabolites, including phosphatidylcholines, cholesteryl esters, triglycerides. Thus, an early manifestation of obesity pathogenesis and its metabolic consequences in the serum metabolome are correlated with altered lipid metabolism. Obesity metabolite patterns in the adult population were very similar to the metabolic signature of childhood obesity. Identified metabolites could be potential biomarkers and used to study obesity pathomechanisms.

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Lipid Metabolite Biomarkers in Cardiovascular Disease: Discovery and Biomechanism Translation from Human Studies

Metabolites ◽

10.3390/metabo11090621 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 621

Author(s):

Peter McGranaghan ◽

Jennifer A. Kirwan ◽

Mariel A. Garcia-Rivera ◽

Burkert Pieske ◽

Frank Edelmann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Biomarker Discovery ◽

Cholesterol Esters ◽

Metabolic Abnormalities ◽

Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽

Metabolomic Profiling ◽

Metabolic Fingerprint ◽

Lipid Metabolites ◽

Altered Lipid Metabolism ◽

Altered Lipid

Lipids represent a valuable target for metabolomic studies since altered lipid metabolism is known to drive the pathological changes in cardiovascular disease (CVD). Metabolomic technologies give us the ability to measure thousands of metabolites providing us with a metabolic fingerprint of individual patients. Metabolomic studies in humans have supported previous findings into the pathomechanisms of CVD, namely atherosclerosis, apoptosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance. The most widely studied classes of lipid metabolite biomarkers in CVD are phospholipids, sphingolipids/ceramides, glycolipids, cholesterol esters, fatty acids, and acylcarnitines. Technological advancements have enabled novel strategies to discover individual biomarkers or panels that may aid in the diagnosis and prognosis of CVD, with sphingolipids/ceramides as the most promising class of biomarkers thus far. In this review, application of metabolomic profiling for biomarker discovery to aid in the diagnosis and prognosis of CVD as well as metabolic abnormalities in CVD will be discussed with particular emphasis on lipid metabolites.

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Untargeted Metabolomic Profiling Identifies Disease-specific Profiles in Food Allergy

10.1101/657866 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

E Crestani ◽

Hani Harb ◽

Louis Marie Charbonnier ◽

J Leirer ◽

A Motsinger-Reif ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Allergy ◽

Immune Cell ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Bile Acid Metabolism ◽

Metabolomic Profile ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Secondary Bile Acid ◽

Metabolomic Profiling ◽

The Face ◽

Disease Specific

AbstractBackgroundFood allergy (FA) affects an increasing proportion of children for reasons that remain obscure. Identification of pathogenic mechanisms involved in FA using untargeted metabolomic approaches may provide much needed diagnostic and prognostic disease biomarkers and improved treatment options.MethodsMass spectrometry-based untargeted metabolomic profiling was performed on serum samples of children with either FA alone, asthma alone or both FA and asthma as well as healthy pediatric controls.ResultsFA subjects exhibited a disease-specific metabolomic signature as compared to both control subjects and asthmatics. In particular, FA was uniquely associated with a marked decrease in sphingolipids, as well as a number of other lipid metabolites, in the face of normal frequencies of circulating natural killer T (NKT) cells. Specific comparison of FA and asthmatic subjects revealed differences in the microbiota-sensitive aromatic amino acid and secondary bile acid metabolism. Children with both FA and asthma exhibited a metabolomic profile that aligned with that of FA alone but not asthma. Among children with FA, distinct profiles were associated with history of severe reactions and presence of multiple FA.ConclusionsChildren with FA display a disease-specific metabolomic profile that is informative of disease mechanisms and severity, and which dominates in the presence of asthma. Lower levels of sphingolipids and ceramides and other metabolomic alterations observed in FA children may reflect the interplay between an altered microbiota and immune cell subsets in the gut.

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