Potential New Directions for School-based STD Screening Programs

2016 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. S106
Author(s):  
Richard L. Dunville ◽  
Nicole Liddon ◽  
Patricia Dittus
Keyword(s):  
Screening Programs ◽  
School Based ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Std Screening

scholarly journals Epidemiological Findings of Refractive Errors and Amblyopia among the Schoolchildren in Hatta Region of the United Arab Emirates

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Salam Chettian Kandi ◽  
Hayat Ahmad Khan
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Visual Field ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Refractive Error ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Low Vision ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Vision Screening ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
School Based

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Uncorrected refractive errors and amblyopia pose a major problem affecting schoolchildren. We had previously observed that many schoolchildren in the Hatta region presented to the ophthalmology clinic with uncorrected refractive errors and amblyopia, which led us to undertake this research. As per the WHO, the term “visual impairment” can be “low vision” or “blindness.” Based on the presenting vision, “low vision” is defined for children who have vision of &#x3c;6/18 to 3/60 or having visual field loss to &#x3c;20° in the better-seeing eye. Children defined to have “blindness” have presenting vision of &#x3c;3/60 or corresponding visual field of &#x3c;10°. <b><i>Purpose:</i></b> To estimate the magnitude of uncorrected refractive errors and amblyopia among the schoolchildren aged 6–19 years and to assess the efficacy of school-based refractive error screening programs in the Hatta region of the United Arab Emirates. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> An epidemiological, cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted on the entire student population studying in the government schools of the region. Those who failed the Snellen visual acuity chart test and those who were wearing spectacles were evaluated comprehensively by the researcher in the Department of Ophthalmology of the Hatta Hospital. Data were entered in the Refractive Error Study in School Children (RESC) eye examination form recommended by the WHO, and were later transferred to Excel sheets and analyzed by SPSS. <b><i>Results:</i></b> 1,591 students were screened and evaluated from the end of 2016 to mid-2017. About 21.37% (<i>n</i> = 340) had impaired vision with 20.9% (<i>n</i> = 333) refractive errors, of which 58% were uncorrected. Among the refractive error group, 19% (64 subjects) had amblyopia (4% of total students). The incidence of low vision was 9.5% and blindness was 0.38%. Low vision was found to be 9.5% and blindness 0.38%, taking in to account presenting visual acuity rather than best-corrected visual acuity for defining low vision and blindness. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> A significant number of students were detected to have uncorrected refractive errors among the vision impaired group (59%, <i>n</i> = 197) despite a school-based vision screening program in place. Seventy-eight percent of the amblyopia cases (<i>n</i> = 50) were found to be in the 11–19 years age group. Noncompliance with optical corrections was the reason for the high number of cases. A rigorous vision screening program and refractive services, complimented with awareness among parents and teachers, are recommended.

Parents' Perceptions of and Responses to School‐Based Body Mass Index Screening Programs—A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina L. Tatum ◽  
Jessica M. Valenzuela ◽  
Roya A. Amirniroumand ◽  
Paula M. Brochu
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
School Based

Approaches towards Measuring Success in Public Elementary Schools

2017 ◽  
pp. 1847-1862
Author(s):  
Maciej Brzozowski ◽  
Eyal Jacob Keydar
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Elementary Schools ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
School Based ◽  
Public Elementary Schools ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Efficiency Performance

This chapter examines new directions in theory and practice of measuring schools' success. Relevant literature is synthesized to provide a holistic picture of current knowledge of the topic, highlighting meanings, principles and consequences. The chapter discusses the nature of success in schools. The major aim of the research is to analyze the most popular approaches towards measuring the success of schools, including effectiveness, efficiency, performance, and accountability. This chapter suggests measuring the success in public elementary school, based on extended set of measures and indicators. The expanded set of measurements could increase the validity of inferences about schools' effectiveness as well as efficiency and offer relevant information to principals and teachers about how to improve the school's performance.

Approaches towards Measuring Success in Public Elementary Schools

2017 ◽  
pp. 362-377
Author(s):  
Maciej Brzozowski ◽  
Eyal Jacob Keydar
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Elementary Schools ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
School Based ◽  
Public Elementary Schools ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Efficiency Performance

This chapter examines new directions in theory and practice of measuring schools' success. Relevant literature is synthesized to provide a holistic picture of current knowledge of the topic, highlighting meanings, principles and consequences. The chapter discusses the nature of success in schools. The major aim of the research is to analyze the most popular approaches towards measuring the success of schools, including effectiveness, efficiency, performance, and accountability. This chapter suggests measuring the success in public elementary school, based on extended set of measures and indicators. The expanded set of measurements could increase the validity of inferences about schools' effectiveness as well as efficiency and offer relevant information to principals and teachers about how to improve the school's performance.

scholarly journals Pediatric Ophthalmic Diagnoses at the Yaounde Central Hospital

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Central Hospital ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
School Based ◽  
Distant Visual Acuity ◽  
The Mean

Background: Ophthalmic disorders in children can seriously impact development, vision, education and quality of life. The aim of this study was to determine the pattern of ophthalmic diagnoses of children seen at the Yaoundé Central Hospital. Methods: A prospective descriptive study was carried out over a 3 months period (February 2 to April 30 2016). Children aged 0 to 15 years, were included after informed consent was obtained from their parents. Variables studied include age, sex, presenting complaint, visual acuity (in school aged children) and the diagnosis. Blindness was defined as corrected distant visual acuity of <1/20. Results: During the study period, 393 children were seen. We included 301 in this study, amongst whom 153 (50.8%) girls and 148 (49.2%) boys. The mean age was 7.8 ± 4.2 years. The most frequent presenting complaints were pruritus (12.8%), pain (11.3%) and decreased visual acuity (10.7%). Refractive errors (40.2%), conjunctivitis (33.9%) and strabismus (8.6%) were the most frequent diagnoses. Monocular blindness was present in 2.3% of cases (n=7). Conclusion: Refractive error was the most frequent childhood ophthalmic diagnosis in this study. We recommend the putting in place of school-based screening programs.

scholarly journals Chlamydia Infection in Street Youth: Need for More Aggressive Screening Programs

1996 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Tam ◽  
N MacDonald ◽  
S Feder ◽  
L Giglia ◽  
R Peeling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Pneumoniae ◽  
Transmitted Disease ◽  
Street Youth ◽  
Chlamydia Psittaci ◽  
Sexual Practices ◽  
Chlamydia Infection ◽  
Consistent Condom ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Std Testing ◽  
Std Screening

OBJECTIVES: To determine, first, the sexual practices among street youth in the Ottawa-Carleton, Ontario region; second, the percentage of street youth who report previous sexually transmitted disease (STD) screening; and third, the rate of previous infection withChlamydia trachomatisin this population.METHODS: This prospective street youth pilot study was cross-sectional in design. Street youth aged 15 to 20 years were recruited through a drop-in centre or shelter in Ottawa, Ontario between August and October 1993. Information on demographics, substance use, current sexual practices and STD screening and infection history were obtained through a structured face to face interview and a 75-item questionnaire. PastC trachomatisinfection was determined by microimmunofluorescence assay with purified antigens ofC trachomatis(serovars A to K),Chlamydia psittaci(avian strain 6BC) andChlamydia pneumoniae(TW-183 strain).RESULTS: Ninety-eight per cent of the youth approached participated. Of the 100 street youth (61 males, mean age 17.8 years; 39 females, mean age 17.1 years), 94% were sexually active, with 21% of males and 26% of females having had four or more different sexual partners in the previous year. Only 27% of males and 8% of females reported consistent condom use with all partners all of the time. Thirty per cent of males and 50% of females reported previous STD testing. Of the 100 street youth, 22 (16 males and six females) had had previousC trachomatisinfection by serotesting, but only three of 16 (19%) of these males and three of six (50%) of these females reported previous STD testing. None of the 22 recalled previous diagnosis or treatment for any STD.CONCLUSIONS: These street youth reported a high prevalence of risky sexual behaviour, and this supports the national STD guidelines for targeted screening in this population. The current screening guidelines forC trachomatisin this population do not reach the majority of street youth.

Diagnostic Hearing Assessment in Schools: Validity and Time Efficiency of Automated Audiometry

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (01) ◽  
pp. 042-048 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faheema Mahomed-Asmail ◽  
De Wet Swanepoel ◽  
Robert H. Eikelboom
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Pure Tone ◽  
Bone Conduction ◽  
False Positives ◽  
Hearing Screening ◽  
Time Efficiency ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
School Based ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Poor follow-up compliance from school-based hearing screening typically undermines the efficacy of school-based hearing screening programs. Onsite diagnostic audiometry with automation may reduce false positives and ensure directed referrals. Purpose: To investigate the validity and time efficiency of automated diagnostic air- and bone-conduction audiometry for children in a natural school environment following hearing screening. Research Design: A within-subject repeated measures design was employed to compare air- and bone-conduction pure-tone thresholds (0.5–4 kHz), measured by manual and automated pure-tone audiometry. Study Sample: Sixty-two children, 25 males and 37 females, with an average age of 8 yr (standard deviation [SD] = 0.92; range = 6–10 yr) were recruited for this study. The participants included 30 children who failed on a hearing screening and 32 children who passed a hearing screening. Data Analysis: Threshold comparisons were made for air- and bone-conduction thresholds across ears tested with manual and automated audiometry. To avoid a floor effect thresholds of 15 dB HL were excluded in analyses. The Wilcoxon signed ranked test was used to compare threshold correspondence for manual and automated thresholds and the paired samples t-test was used to compare test time. Statistical significance was set as p ≤ 0.05. Results: 85.7% of air-conduction thresholds and 44.6% of bone-conduction thresholds corresponded within the normal range (15 dB HL) for manual and automated audiometry. Both manual and automated audiometry air- and bone-conduction thresholds exceeded 15 dB HL in 9.9% and 34.0% of thresholds, respectively. For these thresholds, average absolute differences for air- and bone-conduction thresholds were 6.3 (SD = 8.3) and 2.2 dB (SD = 3.6) and they corresponded within 10 dB across frequencies in 87.7% and 100.0%, respectively. There was no significant difference between manual and automated air- and bone-conduction across frequencies for these thresholds. Conclusion: Using onsite automated diagnostic audiometry for children who fail hearing screening may improve the efficacy of school-based screening programs by reducing false positives and ensuring directed referrals for audiological or medical intervention or both.

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