Saturated Fat Intake Modulates the Association between an Obesity Genetic Risk Score and Body Mass Index in Two US Populations

Background. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) constitute one of the main public health problems and represent a greater risk of mortality and morbidity for the world population. The objective of the study was to determine food addiction, saturated fat intake, and body mass index (BMI) in Peruvian adults. Materials and Methods. A cross-sectional online survey was applied to 394 Peruvian adults over 18 years old residing in the three regions of the country. Participant data was collected through a prestructured online electronic survey. Food addiction was assessed using the Yale Food Addiction Scale self-administered questionnaire. A validated food frequency questionnaire was used to measure saturated fat intake. Finally, the sociodemographic and anthropometric variables were collected through a registration form. Results. There were no significant differences in food addiction between men and women ( p < 0.05 ). More than half of the participants who presented food addiction are overweight (54.1%, p < 0.001 ). The highest proportion of those who had a high intake of saturated fat had a food addiction (62.6%, p < 0.001 ). The highest percentage of men who were overweight was higher compared to women (49.7% vs. 38.4%, p < 0.05 ). Conclusion. The findings of this study suggest that addictive eating behaviors and high saturated fat intake should be considered as part of efforts to prevent problems related to eating, obesity, and CVD.

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Using a genetic risk score to estimate the earliest age of Alzheimer’s disease-related physiologic change in Body Mass Index

10.1101/19013441 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Willa D. Brenowitz ◽

Scott C. Zimmerman ◽

Teresa J. Filshtein ◽

Kristine Yaffe ◽

Stefan Walter ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Body Mass ◽

Risk Score ◽

Genetic Risk ◽

Genetic Risk Score ◽

Genetic Ancestry ◽

Uk Biobank

AbstractObjectivesWeight loss is common in the years before an Alzheimer’s disease (AD) diagnosis, likely due to changes in appetite and diet. The age at which this change in body mass index (BMI) emerges is unclear but may point to the earliest manifestations of AD, timing that may be important for identifying windows of intervention or risk reduction. We examined the association between AD genetic risk and cross-sectional BMI across adults in mid-to late-life as an innovative approach to determine the age at which BMI changes and may indicate preclinical AD.DesignObservational studySettingUK BiobankParticipants407,386 UK Biobank non-demented participants aged 39-70 with Caucasian genetic ancestry enrolled 2007-2010.Main Outcome MeasuresBMI (kg/m2) was constructed from height and weight measured during the initial visit. A genetic risk score for AD (AD-GRS) was calculated as a weighted sum of 23 genetic variants previously confirmed to be genome-wide significant predictors of AD (Z-scored). We evaluated whether the association of AD-GRS with BMI differed by age using linear regression with adjustment for sex and genetic ancestry, stratified by age grouping (40-60, 61+). We calculated the earliest age at which high AD-GRS predicted divergence in BMI compared to normal age-related BMI trends with linear and quadratic terms for age and interactions with AD-GRS.ResultsIn 39-49 year olds, AD-GRS was not significantly associated with lower BMI (0.00 kg/m2 per SD in AD-GRS; 95%CI: -0.03,0.03). In 50-59 year olds AD-GRS was associated with lower BMI (-0.03 kg/m2 per 1 SD in AD-GRS; 95%CI:-0.06,-0.01) and this association was stronger in 60-70 year olds (-0.09 kg/m2 per 1 SD in AD-GRS; 95%CI:-0.12,-0.07). Model-based BMI age-curves for people with high versus low AD-GRS scores began to diverge after age 47.InterpretationGenetic factors that increase AD risk begin to predict lower BMI in adults by age 50, with greater effect later in older ages. Weight loss may manifest as an early pathophysiologic change associated with AD.

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