Energy and Nutrient Intakes from Processed Foods Differ by Sex, Income Status, and Race/Ethnicity of US Adults

Background:We examined leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) in US adults 60 or more years of age. After determining the prevalence of 3 levels of LTPA (no LTPA, <150 minutes LTPA/wk, and ≥150 minutes of LTPA/wk), we examined the association of demographic variables and current health status with LTPA.Methods:Self-reported LTPA was examined by gender, age, race/ethnicity, education, family poverty income ratio, marital status, and self-reported health. Multiple logistic regression methods were used in the adjusted model.Results:Walking was the most frequently reported LTPA. Overall, 27% of adults achieved LTPA levels of 150 minutes or more per week. Male gender, younger age, non-Hispanic white race/ethnicity, higher education attainment, higher income status, being married, and excellent self-reported health were associated with higher LTPA. The prevalence of no LTPA (52.5%) exceeded the Healthy People 2010 objective target of 20%.Conclusions:Our findings show that more than half of adults 60 or more years of age reported no LTPA and that levels of LTPA in the older population vary by demographic and health characteristics.

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Infant feeding practices and dietary consumption of US infants and toddlers: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003–2012

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980017003184 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 711-720 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Kathleen E Davis ◽

Xilong Li ◽

Beverley Adams-Huet ◽

Lona Sandon

Keyword(s):

Breast Feeding ◽

National Health ◽

Mexican American ◽

Feeding Practices ◽

Anthropometric Measurements ◽

Nutrition Examination Survey ◽

Infants And Toddlers ◽

Nutrient Intakes ◽

Health And Nutrition ◽

Race Ethnicity

AbstractObjectiveTo compare infant and toddler anthropometric measurements, feeding practices and mean nutrient intakes by race/ethnicity and income.DesignCross-sectional analysis using general linear modelling. Ten years of survey data (2003–2012) were combined to compare anthropometric measurements, feeding practices and mean nutrient intakes from a nationally representative US sample.SettingThe 2003–2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).SubjectsInfants and toddlers (n 3669) aged 0–24 months.ResultsRates of overweight were higher among Mexican-American infants and toddlers (P=0·002). There were also several differences in feeding practices among groups based on race/ethnicity. Cessation of breast-feeding occurred earlier for non-Hispanic black and Mexican-American v. non-Hispanic white infants (3·6 and 4·2 v. 5·3 months; P<0·0001; P=0·001). Age at first feeding of solids was earlier for white than Mexican-American infants (5·3 v. 5·7 months; P=0·02). There were differences in almost all feeding practices based on income, including the lowest-income infants stopped breast-feeding earlier than the highest-income infants (3·2 v. 5·8 months, P<0·0001). Several differences in mean nutrient intakes by both race/ethnicity and income were also identified.ConclusionsOur study indicates that disparities in overweight, feeding practices and mean nutrient intakes exist among infants and toddlers according to race/ethnicity, which cannot be disentangled from income.

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Secular Trends in Food Patterns of Guatemalan Consumers: New Foods for Old

Food and Nutrition Bulletin ◽

10.1177/156482650802900404 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 29 (4) ◽

pp. 278-287 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Odilia I. Bermudez ◽

Liza Hernandez ◽

Manolo Mazariegos ◽

Noel W. Solomons

Keyword(s):

Food Consumption ◽

21St Century ◽

Nutrition Transition ◽

Secular Trends ◽

Processed Foods ◽

Nutrient Intakes ◽

Food Items ◽

Food Patterns ◽

Food Variety ◽

Dietary Data

Background Food patterns of population groups change and adapt under the influence of several factors, including those related to globalization, urbanization, and the nutrition transition. Objective To document changes in food consumption and dietary patterns of Guatemalans, based on food surveys from the middle of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century. Methods We accessed archival dietary data from surveys conducted in nine rural or semirural traditional Guatemalan communities in the 1950s and from two studies of nonindigenous Guatemalans and Guatemalans of Mayan descent conducted after 1998. The total number and types of food items and the nutrient intakes from the two eras were compared. Results We identified 210 distinct food items across time, including 108 items consumed in traditional indigenous and nonindigenous Guatemalan communities (“old” foods), of which 72% were still consumed by nonindigenous Guatemalans and 76% were still consumed by Mayan Guatemalans. Processed foods represented only 11% of the items consumed in traditional Guatemalan communities but 30% of those consumed by nonindigenous Guatemalans and 25% of those consumed by Mayan Guatemalans. The proportions of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins as percentages of total energy were 79:9:12 among traditional Guatemalan communities, 67:20:13 among nonindigenous Guatemalans, and 61:27:12 among Mayan Guatemalans. Conclusions Changes in Guatemalan food patterns and in nutrient intakes are marked by increased food variety, at the expense of reduction in the consumption of nutrient-dense foods and increase in the consumption of processed foods. Such changes are consistent with those observed in other societies, where a combination of forces associated with demographic, epidemiologic, and nutritional transitions is occurring within the dynamics of urbanization and globalization phenomena that characterize contemporary times.

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Nutrient intake over time in a multi-ethnic sample of youth

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1079/phn2002255 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 319-328 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

Leslie A Lytle ◽

John H Himes ◽

Henry Feldman ◽

Michelle Zive ◽

Johanna Dwyer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

African American ◽

Nutrition Education ◽

African American Students ◽

Saturated Fat ◽

Childhood And Adolescence ◽

Nutrient Intakes ◽

American Students ◽

Race Ethnicity ◽

Total Fat ◽

Over Time

AbstractObjectives:The purpose of this paper is to present longitudinal data on nutrient intakes of youth with emphases on differences by sex and race/ethnicity. Nutrients selected for examination are those implicated in chronic disease.Design:24-hour dietary recalls were collected from a cohort of third, fifth and eighth graders (n=1874).Setting and subjects:The sample is drawn from the Child and Adolescent Trial for Cardiovascular Health and includes students from California, Louisiana, Minnesota and Texas.Results:Across the total sample, nutrient intakes met recommended levels except that total fat, saturated fat and sodium consistently exceeded recommendations and calcium and iron intake of girls consistently fell short of recommended levels. Nutrient consumption between third and eighth grade differed by sex and race/ethnicity for a number of nutrients. In particular, females' intake of energy from total fat, calcium, iron, folic acid, vitamin A and vitamin D decreased over time relative to males' intakes, controlling for overall energy intake. Compared with the other ethnic/racial groups, African-American students increased their intake of energy from total fat and saturated fat over time.Conclusions:Our results suggest that the diets of youth change over time, and negative trends are more common in females than in males and in African-American and Hispanics compared with Caucasian students. Nutrition education and intervention are needed throughout childhood and adolescence with an emphasis on choosing healthful foods. In addition, greater attention to differential opportunities and reinforcements for females and males, and Caucasian, Hispanic and African-American students is warranted.

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Trends in Consumption of Ultra-Processed Foods Among US Children Aged 2–19 Years, 2003–2016

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzaa061_131 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 1503-1503

Author(s):

Lu Wang ◽

Euridice Steele ◽

Mengxi Du ◽

Dariush Mozaffarian ◽

Fang Fang Zhang

Keyword(s):

Family Income ◽

Total Sample ◽

Continuous Variable ◽

Processed Foods ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

Minimally Processed ◽

Dietary Recall ◽

Race Ethnicity ◽

Demographic Subgroups ◽

Us Children

Abstract Objectives Ultra-processed foods (UPF) are a major sources of calories in the US diet, but trends and disparities in intakes among children are not established. We characterized trends in UPF consumption among US children from 2003 to 2016, overall and in key demographic subgroups. Methods We analyzed 24-hour dietary recall data from 7 consecutive cycles of NHANES (2003–04 to 2015–16) among US children aged 2–19 years (total sample: 23,758). Food items were classified according to the NOVA classification system as unprocessed/minimally processed, processed culinary ingredients, processed, or UPF. Trends in consumption were assessed by treating the 2-year survey cycle as a continuous variable in survey-weighted linear regression models. Findings were evaluated overall and stratified by age, sex, race/ethnicity, and parental educational level. Results In 2015–2016, UPFs contributed to 63.5% of energy intake among US children, with much lower intakes of unprocessed/minimally processed foods (26.6%), processed foods (7.8%), and processed culinary ingredients (3.8%). From 2003 to 2016, intakes increased for UPFs (+1.7% energy) and processed culinary ingredients (+1.6%) and decreased for unprocessed/minimally processed foods (−3.4%) (all p-trend <0.001). Among subgroups of UPF, % E increased for ready-to-eat or frozen meals (i.e., pizza, sandwich, hamburger, and other packaged meals) from 3.8% to 11.1%; and cakes, cookies and pastries from 5.4% to 7.2%; and decreased for sugar-sweetened beverages (from 9.6% to 4.8%) and French fries (from 2.4% to 1.4%), (all p-trend < 0.0001). Increasing trends in UPF intake were similar across age, sex, race/ethnicity, and parental educational subgroups (p-interactions > 0.05), but were higher among children with lower family income (income-to-poverty ratio <1.3, +3.6% energy) than with higher family incomes (−0.1% and + 1.7%) (p-interactions <0.05). Conclusions Nearly two-thirds of calories among US children now come from UPF, with gradual overall increases between 2003 and 2016, replacing unprocessed/minimally processed foods, and additional disparities by family income. These findings inform policy priorities and strategies to improve diet quality and disparities among US children. Funding Sources NIH/NIMHD.

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