The Capitalist Spirit and Endogenous Growth

The aim of the study is to investigate the influence of the capitalist spirit in conjunction with the distribution of income on economic growth. The capitalist spirit is represented by the fact that savings rates increase with increasing relative income. We extend an endogenous AK growth model in an overlapping generational framework by implementing imperfect competition and Cournot competition. Using this model, we investigate the influence of profits on the intra- and inter-generational distributions of income and economic growth. While increasing incomes lead to a more unequal intra-generational distribution and to a redistribution of income from the old to the young generation, the impact on economic growth is in general ambiguous, although under specific assumptions it becomes positive. Furthermore, the model shows that increasing market power of firms is associated with declining labor and capital shares, declining interest rates, and an increased wealth-to-income ratio.

Prenatal diagnosis lowers neonatal cardiac care costs in resource-limited settings

Background: Prenatal diagnosis of critical CHDs and planned peripartum care is an emerging concept in resource-limited settings. Objective: To report the impact of prenatal diagnosis and planned peripartum care on costs of neonatal cardiac care in a resource-limited setting. Methods: Prospective study (October 2019 to October 2020). Consecutive neonates undergoing surgery or catheter-based interventions included. Patients were divided into prenatal (prenatal diagnosis) and post-natal (diagnosis after birth) groups. Costs of cardiac care (total, direct, and indirect) and health expenses to income ratio were compared between study groups; factors impacting costs were analysed. Results: A total of 105 neonates were included, including 33 in prenatal group. Seventy-seven neonates (73.3%) underwent surgical procedures while the rest needed catheter-based interventions. Total costs were 16.2% lower in the prenatal group (p = 0.008). Direct costs were significantly lower in the prenatal group (18%; p = 0.02), especially in neonates undergoing surgery (20.4% lower; p = 0.001). Health expenses to income ratio was also significantly lower in the prenatal group (2.04 (1.03–2.66) versus post-natal:2.58 (1.55–5.63), p = 0.01);, particularly in patients undergoing surgery (prenatal: 1.58 (1.03–2.66) vs. post-natal: 2.99 (1.91–6.02); p = 0.002). Prenatal diagnosis emerged as the only modifiable factor impacting costs on multivariate analysis. Conclusion: Prenatal diagnosis and planned peripartum care of critical CHD is feasible in resource-limited settings and is associated with significantly lower costs of neonatal cardiac care. The dual benefit of improved clinical outcomes and lower costs of cardiac care should encourage policymakers in resource-limited settings towards developing more prenatal cardiac services.

What Factors Drive the Banks Systemic Risk among South Asian Countries

Purpose: This study designs to examine the determinants (size, liquidity ratio, leverage ratio, deposit ratio, asset growth, net interest income ratio and return on asset ratio) of bank’s systemic risk. We use the data of listed commercial banks of the South Asian countries (Pakistan, Bangladesh, and India). Design/Methodology/Approach: The sample consists 30 banks from Bangladesh, 87 banks from India and 22 banks from Pakistan. This study covers the period from 2006 to 2018. The data is collected from the published annual reports of banks and stock exchanges of respective country. The panel data analysis is performed for the estimation of research models. Findings: The findings demonstrate that larger banks contribute lower in the systemic risk of banks. Additionally, highly liquid banks enhance the systemic risk of the banking system. Moreover, the banks with greater reliance on the deposits, net interest income and with high return on asset reduce the systemic risk contribution of the banks. Implications/Originality/Value: This study provides the justification to devise the banking policies like enhance the proportion of liquidity among assets, reliance on net interest income and promote the financing needs through deposits to limit the systemic risk contribution of the banking system.

Debt, Financial Vulnerability, and Repayment Behaviour in Older Canadian Households

Earlier research has documented that debt at older ages has increased significantly in Canada over the period from 1999 to 2016. In this article, we explore the consequences of a growing proportion of older Canadian households experiencing financial vulnerability. After controlling for household characteristics, we find among older households that a high debt-to-asset ratio and very low liquid wealth are significantly and positively associated with skipping or delaying a mortgage or non-mortgage debt payment and with usually paying the minimum amount or less on credit cards in the previous year. The debt-to-income ratio, however, is not an important indicator of financial vulnerability for older households.

Analisis distribusi pendapatan transporter online di Kota Jambi (studi kasus pengemudi gojek)

The first purpose determines the social and economic characteristics of Gojek drivers in Jambi City and the income distribution of Gojek drivers in Jambi City. The data analysis method used in this research is the quantitative method. Types of data, namely primary data and secondary data. Data collection techniques through interviews and questionnaires. The data that has been collected is processed by quantitative analysis and Gini Ratio, which is then presented in the form of descriptive analysis. Based on the results of the research, the social and economic characteristics of Gojek drivers in the city of Jambi include gender, age, education, marital status, number of dependents, working hours, work experience, work status, number of passengers, and income of Gojek drivers for one month. Gojek Driver's income distribution in Jambi City is low inequality. The results of the Gini analysis of the Gojek Driver's income ratio show the number 0.14. Meanwhile, the Lorenz curve shows that it is located not far from the diagonal or equalization line.

Determinants of Capital Adequacy Ratio of Banks in Botswana

Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) plays a very important role in the financial success of banks and acts as a buffer to prevent and absorb any unexpected losses. This study examines explanatory variables that influence CAR for nine banks in Botswana. Multiple linear regression was used for analysis, with CAR as the dependent variable and thirteen financial ratios as the independent variables. The study period is 2015-2019. Based on the data for this period, it was established that out of the thirteen financial ratios utilised, only four were found to have significant impact on the CAR of the nine banks under study, which are: Asset to Equity Ratio (A E), Return on Equity (ROE), Non-Performing Loans Ratio (NPL RATIO) and the Cost-to-Income Ratio (C I). The A E Ratio was found to be the most influential driver of the CAR and the NPL Ratio was found to be the least influential driver of the CAR for the banks under study.

Association of Manganese Biomarker Concentrations with Blood Pressure and Kidney Parameters among Healthy Adolescents: NHANES 2013–2018

Deficiency or excess exposure to manganese (Mn), an essential mineral, may have potentially adverse health effects. The kidneys are a major organ of Mn site-specific toxicity because of their unique role in filtration, metabolism, and excretion of xenobiotics. We hypothesized that Mn concentrations were associated with poorer blood pressure (BP) and kidney parameters such as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and albumin creatinine ratio (ACR). We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 1931 healthy U.S. adolescents aged 12–19 years participating in National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey cycles 2013–2014, 2015–2016, and 2017–2018. Blood and urine Mn concentrations were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Systolic and diastolic BP were calculated as the average of available readings. eGFR was calculated from serum creatinine using the Bedside Schwartz equation. We performed multiple linear regression, adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, race/ethnicity, and poverty income ratio. We observed null relationships between blood Mn concentrations with eGFR, ACR, BUN, and BP. In a subset of 691 participants, we observed that a 10-fold increase in urine Mn was associated with a 16.4 mL/min higher eGFR (95% Confidence Interval: 11.1, 21.7). These exploratory findings should be interpreted cautiously and warrant investigation in longitudinal studies.

The impact of Airbnb on housing affordability: Evidence from Hong Kong

Recent years have witnessed the rapid expansion of the home-sharing business. The home-sharing services provided by Airbnb not only allow the homeowner to earn extra income by renting out part of the property to the potential renters but also provides the renters an authentic travel experience by living with residents. The emerging business model of Airbnb may bring about some uncertainties to rental housing markets. This study aims to explore an important issue – whether the home-sharing services provided by Airbnb would exacerbate the problem of housing affordability in Hong Kong. By examining the data from multiple sources such as the website of Airbnb and Census statistics from the Hong Kong Government, and housing rental transactions from property agents’ website via several econometric methods, we found that (1) the arrival of Airbnb would drive up housing rent rate around 3.6–4%; (2) The Airbnb activities would increase the rent-to-income ratio by 4%–4.7% in Hong Kong; (3) short-term home-sharing provided by Airbnb under current circumstance would lead to housing unaffordability in Hong Kong. It is suggested that regulations/guidelines on home-sharing should set a quota or limit the number of offering from long-term rentals to short-term rentals.

Corporate Governance dan Shariah Compliance Terhadap Financial Statement Fraud Pada Bank Umum Syariah

This study tested the Influence of Corporate Governance and Shariah Compliance on Financial Statement Fraud in Sharia Commercial Banks in the Period 2015-2019. Independent variables in this study are Corporate Governance and shariah compliance projected with Islamic Income Ratio, Profit Sharing Ratio and Islamic Investment Ratio. While the dependent variable used is Financial Statement Fraud in sharia commercial banks. The population in this study was all Sharia Commercial Banks (BUS). Sampling techniques using purposive sampling method. The number of samples as many as 12 Islamic commercial banks with a lot of data 60. The results of this study show islamic income ratio affects Financial Statement Fraud, while Profit Sharing Ratio, Islamic Investment Ratio and Corporate Governance have no effect on Financial Statement Fraud.